Interobserver reproducibility of mercaptoacetyltriglicine renography in children and adults with suspected obstruction: parameters of drainage and function calculated by International Atomic Energy Agency software.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate interobserver reproducibility of Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine renography in children and adults by assessing the parameters of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) software for the analysis of dynamic renal studies.

Methods: The renograms of 65 children and 65 adults covered a wide age range, different quality of drainage, overall function and differential renal function (DRF). Three observers were processing parameters of the IAEA software.

Renal output efficiency and normalized residual activity examined by technetium-99m-DTPA renography have by far greater specificity to diagnose obstructive disease as compared to other conventional parameters of the renogram. First such study of output efficiency.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic ability of renal output efficiency (OE), normalized residual activity (NORA) and conventional interpretation of the diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Tc-DTPA) diuretic renogram (CIR) in diagnosing urine flow obstruction.

Subjects And Methods: Group A consisted of 73 obstructed kidneys and Group B of 80 kidneys with dilated upper urinary tract. Forty eight kidneys were examined as the control Group C.

Time to Procedure, Nuclear Imaging and Clinicopathological Characteristics as Predictive Factors for Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma: A Single-Center Analysis.

Objective: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a widely accepted staging procedure for cutaneous melanoma patients who are at risk of clinically occult nodal metastases. Numerous predictive factors for regional lymph node metastases have been identified; however, few have been found to be reproducibly significant. Also, the role of blue dye in identification was questioned in recent trials.

Bone scintigraphy can diagnose osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures better than conventional radiography.

Objective: Most difficult and very frequent complications of osteoporosis are vertebral compression fractures (VCF). Bone scintigraphy with Tc-phosphonates enables early detection of vertebral compression fractures in the first 72 hours of occuring. Typical scintigraphic findings is markedly increased radiotracer uptake in the linear pattern, throughout collapsed vertebral body.

Technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy can guide clinical management in congenital hydronephrosis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate damage of the kidney with technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid (Tc-DMSA) scintigraphy in children with congenital hydronephrosis (CH) and the influence of other postnatal associated diagnoses on abnormal Tc-DMSA findings.

Subjects And Methods: Tc-DMSA scintigraphy in 54 children (17 girls and 37 boys), aged from 2 months to 5 years (median 11 months) with 66 congenital hydronephrotic renal units (RU) (42 unilateral hydronephrosis-29 boys and 13 girls; 12 bilateral hydronephrosis-8 boys and 4 girls) was performed. Male/female ratio was 2,2:1, unilateral/bilateral hydronephrosis ratio was 4:1.

Diuresis renography and ultrasonography in children with antenatally detected hydronephrosis can support diagnoses and suggest related surgery treatment.

Objective: Prenatal ultrasound (US) screening detects the hydronephrosis (HN)-dilatation of fetal renal collecting system in 1%-5% of all pregnancies. In most children, HN is detected by prenatal US screening between 18-20 gestational week. Pelvi- ureteric junction (PUJ) stenosis is the most common etiological factor of prenatal HN and requires postnatal follow-up.

Positive Tc-MIBI and the subtraction parathyroid scan are related to intact parathyroid hormone but not to total plasma calcium in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Objective: Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is characterised by increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and consequently increased plasma calcium. During the last few decades parathyroid scintigraphy (PS), is applied in almost all patients with pPHT before surgery and specifically before minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. The aim of this study was to find the best cut-off levels of total plasma calcium and intact PTH (iPTH) that correlate with positive technetium-99m-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (Tc-MIBI) PS and with positive subtraction PS (SPS) in patients with pHPT and thus the positive diagnostic value of these PS.

Diuretic 99mTc DTPA renography in assessment of renal function and drainage in infants with antenatally detected hydronephrosis.

Background/aim: The controversy over the postnatal management of infants with antenataly detected hydronephrosis (ANH) still exists. We presented the results of diuretic 99mTc diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) renography in 30 infants with the antenatal diagnosis of unilateral renal pelvic dilatation. The aim of this study was to assess the renal function determined by the pattern of drainage and split renal function (SRF) on diuretic renography and to correlate these findings with anteroposterior pelvic diameter (APD) estimated by ultrasonography.

The importance of angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism to losartan treatment in improving glomerulopathy in type 1 diabetic patients.

Objective: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent albuminuria, increasing arterial blood pressure and progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). When persistent albuminuria is established, antihypertensive treatment becomes most important factor in slowing the progression of diabetic glomerulopathy. Aim of this study was to examine if renoprotective response to losartan therapy, in patients with diabetic nephropathy, depends on 1166 A/C gene polymorphism for its target receptor, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R).

Validation of numerical outputs of IAEA software by the analysis of diuretic nephrogram in children with antenatally detected hydronephrosis.

Unlabelled: Diuretic nephrogram is important diagnostic tool in the postnatal follow-up of asymptomatic antenatally detected hydronephrosis (HN). In the last decades, two quantitative indices of renal excretion, output efficiency and the residual kidney counts normalized to the 1-2min counts (normalized residual activity, NORA) have been proposed, that enhance the accuracy of technique to detect kidneys with obstruction. Unfortunately, in many nuclear medicine departments in developing countries the obsolete computer systems do not give the opportunity of sophisticated analysis of nephrogram.

Lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymph node biopsy, in cutaneous melanoma staging and treatment decisions.

Objective: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a widely accepted method in the management of clinically localized cutaneous melanomas. The aim of this study was to report the results on patients scheduled for preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and SLNB for staging and further treatment planning.

Subjects And Methods: Two hundred and one patients (115 male and 86 female, median age 57 years, range 9-81) with cutaneous melanoma having undergone SLB at Military Medical Academy between November 2010 and October 2014, were recruited for retrospective study.

Evaluation of diagnostic parameters from parotid and submandibular dynamic salivary glands scintigraphy and unstimulated sialometry in Sjögren's syndrome.

Our aim was to validate eight scintigraphic salivary gland (SG) parameters, as diagnostic parameters in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). We used the standardized stimulated dynamic salivary gland scintigraphy (DSGS) protocol and correlated this with the unstimulated whole sialometry (UWS) functions. The DSGS and UWS tests meeting the European and the USA diagnostic classification criteria for SS were applied in twenty patients and in ten normal controls.

Five benign myoskeletal diseases in paediatrics and the role of nuclear medicine. Do they differ from those in adults?

In this paper we discuss trauma, osteomyelitis, fibrous dysplasia, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and osteopetrosis in children. Pathophysiology, incidence, clinical signs, diagnosis and specific trteatment of these diseases are described. We have focused on diagnostic imaging techniques which can be applied in children: X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging bone scintigraphy with technetium- 99m-methylene diphosphonate ((99m)Tc-MDP) and positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18 fluorodesoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) and fluorine-18 fluoro sodium fluoride ((18)F-NaF).

Clinical value of immunoscintigraphy in the rectal carcinomas: immunoscintigraphy of rectal carcinomas.

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical reliability of the immunoscintigraphy with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies for the detection of metastases and recurrences of rectal carcinomas.

Methodology: A total of 65 patients underwent immunoscintigraphy with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. Indication for that examination was suspicious rectal cancer or suspicious rectal cancer recurrence and/or metastases.

Scintigraphic detection of colon carcinomas with iodinated monoclonal antibodies.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical reliability of the immunoscintigraphy with iodinated monoclonal antibodies for the detection of metastases and recurrences of colon carcinomas.

Methods: A total of 45 patients with colon carcinoma was investigated with gamma camera, after intravenous application of iodinated monoclonal antibodies.

Results: The sensitivity of the method was 90%, specificity 86%, positive predictive value 93%, negative predictive value 80% and accuracy 87%.

Correlation of subtraction parathyroid scintigraphy with weight, pathohistologic finding and oxyphil cell content of parathyroid glands in parathyroid hyperplasia.

Background/aim: Parathyroid hyperplasia (PHP) is defined as an absolute increase in the mass of parenchymal cells of the parathyroid gland. PHP is classified as primary, secondary and tertiary. The enlargement of parathyroid glands (PG) is usually asymmetric, resulting in a "dominant" gland.

123I-FP-CIT brain SPECT (DaTSCAN) imaging in the diagnosis of patients with movement disorders--first results.

Background/aim: 123I-FP-CIT brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), DaTSCAN imaging, offers a possibility to study structural and biochemical integrity of presinaptic dopaminergic neurotransmitter system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of 123I-FP-CIT brain SPECT scintigraphy in patients with extrapyramidal diseases.

Methods: Fifteen patients (8 males and 7 females), aged 26-81 years, presenting with extrapyramidal symptoms entered the study.

90Y-labeled tin fluoride colloid as a promising therapeutic agent: preparation, characterization, and biological study in rats.

In this study, tin fluoride colloid (SnF-c) was prepared, labeled with yttrium-90 ((90)Y), and characterized with respect to its physicochemical properties and biological behavior in an animal model. Particle size of SnF-c, at constant concentration of SnF(2), was dependent on pH, concentration of sodium fluoride (NaF), temperature, and time. The particle size of SnF-c decreased with an increase in NaF concentration and a decrease in reaction mixture pH.

[Individual renal hemodynamic response to chronic angiotensin II receptor blockade and the influence on the renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms].

Introduction: Our study was aimed at determining whether the polymorphism of genes for different components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system could influence the renal hemodynamic response to losartan treatment.

Material And Method: The study included 35 patients with type I diabetes mellitus and persistent albuminuria, genotyped for the 1166 A/C polymorphism gene for the angiotensin II type 1 receptor and I/D polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene. The participants were divided into groups according to the combinations of A or C allele: AA, AC, CC; and according to the combinations of I or D allele: II, ID and DD genotype.

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism could influence renoprotective response to losartan treatment in type 1 diabetic patients with high urinary albumin excretion rate.

Background/aim: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent albuminuria, increasing arterial blood pressure and progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). When persistent albuminuria is established, antihypertensive treatment becomes most important factor in slowing the progression of diabetic glomerulopathy. The aim of this study was to examine if renoprotective response to a short-term losartan therapy depends on 1166 A/C gene polymorphism for its target receptor.

Validity of dual tracer 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 99mTc-pertechnetate subtraction parathyroid scintigraphy in patients with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Background/aim: Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is an endocrine disease with the third highest incidence of all endocrine disorders after diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism. pHPT is typically caused by a solitary parathyroid adenoma, less frequently by multiple parathyroid gland disease (MGD) and rarely by parathyroid carcinoma. Secondary hyperparatyroidism (sHPT) is a common complication in patients with chronic renal failure.

Renal scintigraphy in children with vesicoureteral reflux.

Objective: To determine the incidence and pattern of abnormal scintigraphy findings in children with UTI and VUR.

Methods: Data of 118 children who underwent micturating cystourethrography (MCU) and late Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan were evaluated. Findings were categorized under the image appearance and relative kidney uptake (RKU) and related to the grade of VUR, sex and child's age.

[Influence of the background activity region selection on the measurement of glomerular filtration rate using the Gates method].

Background/aim: The most frequent method for the assessment of glomerular filtration rate GFR) in clinical practice is clearance of creatinine, clearance of chromium-51 radiolabelled ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA) and clearance of technetium-99m radiolabelled diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA). The Gates method for glomerular filtration rate assessment is based on distribution of 99mTc-DTPA in the kidney 2-3 minute after its applying. Calculation of GFR is corrected for the background and depth of the kidney and finally expressed as a percentage of the net injected counts.

Impact of micturating cystourethrography and DMSA renal scintigraphy on the investigation scheme in children with urinary tract infection.

Objective: The relationships among urinary tract infection (UTI), vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and permanent renal damage in children are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of renal scarring in children with a history of UTI and to determine the change in the probability of permanent renal damage owing to the presence of VUR documented on micturating cystourethrography (MCU).

Methods: We analyzed 201 children (400 renal units, two children with solitary kidney).

99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of stress fracture of the metatarsal bones mimicking oligoarthritis.

Background: Stress fractures are the injuries of soft tissues and bones caused by intensive and repeated stress on a bone. Repeated submaximal stress disturbs the balance between the processes of bone production and resorption that results in fracture.

Case Report: We presented a case of a patient with stress fracture of metatarsal bone.