Formulation and optimisation of bedaquiline nanoemulsions for the potential treatment of multi drug resistant tuberculosis in paediatrics using quality by design.

Bedaquiline is a drug used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB in adults and children that is currently only commercially available in tablet form. The present study was aimed at preparing nanoemulsion (NE) of BDQ using natural vegetable oils to deliver BDQ. The optimisation of surfactant mixtures was undertaken using Design of Experiments (DoE), specifically an optimal mixture design.

Analytical prediction of genetic contribution across multiple recurrent backcrossing generations.

We derive formulas for the residual donor genome content during trait introgression via recurrent backcrossing and use these formulas to predict (without simulation) residual donor genome content for five future generations. Trait introgression is a common method for introducing valuable genes or alleles into breeding populations and inbred cultivars. The particular breeding scheme is usually designed to maximize the genetic similarity of the converted lines to the recurrent parent while minimizing cost and time to recover the near isogenic lines.

Method development and validation of an analytical quality by design ultrafast liquid chromatographic method for the determination of bedaquiline from pharmaceutical bulk and nanoemulsions.

Bedaquiline (BDQ) is a drug used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). It exhibits exposure-dependent efficacy in eliminating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). An easy, efficient and precise reverse-phase ultrafast liquid chromatography (RP-UFLC) method was developed to validate the free base of the antitubercular medication BDQ.

Equity in Digital Mental Health Interventions in the United States: Where to Next?

Health care technologies have the ability to bridge or hinder equitable care. Advocates of digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) report that such technologies are poised to reduce the documented gross health care inequities that have plagued generations of people seeking care in the United States. This is due to a multitude of factors such as their potential to revolutionize access; mitigate logistical barriers to in-person mental health care; and leverage patient inputs to formulate tailored, responsive, and personalized experiences.

Leading a Palliative Care Team Through Times of Growth And Change.

High-functioning palliative care teams are essential to high-quality care for individuals with serious illness and their families. Such teams are flexible and adapt to change. However, recent high turnover and understaffing, compounded by a pandemic, challenge even the most resilient and adaptable teams.

Microbial mysteries: Staphylococcus aureus and the enigma of carcinogenesis.

Staphylococcus aureus, a common human pathogen, has long been the focus of scientific investigation due to its association with various infections. However, recent research has unveiled a tantalizing enigma surrounding this bacterium and its potential involvement in carcinogenesis. Chronic S.

Challenges in Pediatric Home-Based Hospice and Palliative Care: A Case Series.

Pediatric home-based hospice and palliative care is a growing and important sub-field within the larger pediatric palliative care landscape. Despite research demonstrating the clinical and systemic efficacy of pediatric home-based hospice and palliative care, there remain barriers to its optimal development, implementation, and dissemination as well as best clinical practice knowledge gaps. This case series presents specific examples of ubiquitous challenges in pediatric home-based hospice and palliative care in hopes of guiding future research, education, advocacy, and program development efforts.

Combination Chemotherapy Optimization with Discrete Dosing.

Chemotherapy drug administration is a complex problem that often requires expensive clinical trials to evaluate potential regimens; one way to alleviate this burden and better inform future trials is to build reliable models for drug administration. This paper presents a mixed-integer program for combination chemotherapy (utilization of multiple drugs) optimization that incorporates various important operational constraints and, besides dose and concentration limits, controls treatment toxicity based on its effect on the count of white blood cells. To address the uncertainty of tumor heterogeneity, we also propose chance constraints that guarantee reaching an operable tumor size with a high probability in a neoadjuvant setting.

Surging Liver Transplantation for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis from 2000-2022: A National Database Study.

Objectives: Our aim was to provide an up-to-date, large-scale overview of the trends and clinicodemographics for NASH LTs performed in the United States compared with all other LT indications between 2000 and 2022. We also examined the demographic factors that will predict future demand for NASH LT.

Methods: Our analysis of NASH LT from the Organ Procurement & Transplantation Network database spanning 2000-2022 consisted primarily of descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing with corrections for multiple testing when necessary.

Endoscopic Reduction of an Acute Gastric Volvulus.

We are reporting a case of gastric volvulus in a 52-year-old man in the setting of a paraesophageal hernia initially identified on computerized tomography (CT). CT of the abdomen showed a large paraesophageal hernia with intra-thoracic herniation of the distal stomach and gastroduodenal junction, resulting in mesenteroaxial rotation consistent with acute gastric volvulus. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) confirmed the presence of the gastric volvulus, which was initially temporized with endoscopic detorsion.

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Chromium(III) Complexes Containing Bidentate PN and Tridentate P-NH-P and P-NH-P' Ligands.

Chromium(III) complexes bearing bidentate {NH(CH)PPh: PN, ()-[NH(CHPh)PPh]: P'N} and tridentate [PhP(CH)N(H)(CH)PPh: P-NH-P, ()-(Pr)PCHCHN(H)CH(Ph)CH(Ph)PPh: P-NH-P'] ligands have been synthesized using a mechanochemical approach. The complexes {-[Cr(PN)Cl]Cl (), -[Cr(P'N)Cl]Cl (), -Cr(P-NH-P)Cl (), and -Cr(P-NH-P')Cl ()} were obtained in high yield (95-97%) the grinding of the respective ligands andthe solid Cr(III) ion precursor [CrCl(THF)] with the aid of a pestle and mortar, followed by recrystallization in acetonitrile. The isolated complexes are high spin.

Self-Reported Medication Use Across Racial and Rural or Urban Subgroups of People Who Are Pregnant in the United States: Decentralized App-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Maternal health outcomes have been underresearched due to people who are pregnant being underrepresented or excluded from studies based on their status as a vulnerable study population. Based on the available evidence, Black people who are pregnant have dramatically higher maternal morbidity and mortality rates compared to other racial and ethnic groups. However, insights into prenatal care-including the use of medications, immunizations, and prenatal vitamins-are not well understood for pregnant populations, particularly those that are underrepresented in biomedical research.

Integrating biocomputational techniques for Breast cancer drug discovery via the HER-2, BCRA, VEGF and ER protein targets.

Computational modelling remains an indispensable technique in drug discovery. With myriad of high computing resources, and improved modelling algorithms, there has been a high-speed in the drug development cycle with promising success rate compared to the traditional route. For example, lapatinib; a well-known anticancer drug with clinical applications was discovered with computational drug design techniques.

Race-specific association of an IRGM risk allele with cytokine expression in human subjects.

Immunity-related GTPase family M (IRGM), located on human chromosome 5q33.1, encodes a protein that promotes autophagy and suppresses the innate immune response. The minor allele of rs13361189 (-4299T>C), a single nucleotide polymorphism in the IRGM promoter, has been associated with several diseases, including Crohn's disease and tuberculosis.

Biomimicry: the nexus for achieving sustainability in the people-process-planet relationship.

Population growth inevitably gives rise to an increase in consumption of products and services. This has the domino effect of more exploitation of already scarce natural resources, with its concomitant pollution from the industries that process these natural resources into products and services for man. At the end of life of these products, they are disposed of as waste to landfills.

Turmeric-Associated Liver Injury: A Rare Case of Drug-Induced Liver Injury.

Turmeric is popularly used as a naturopathic supplement associated with myriad benefits and has long been generally regarded as safe. However, increasing reports of turmeric-associated liver injury have emerged over recent years. This case presents a female patient without significant past medical history who presents with signs and symptoms of acute hepatitis after consuming a turmeric-containing tea.

Application of magnetic particle imaging to evaluate nanoparticle fate in rodent joints.

Nanoparticles are a promising approach for improving intra-articular drug delivery and tissue targeting. However, techniques to non-invasively track and quantify their concentration in vivo are limited, resulting in an inadequate understanding of their retention, clearance, and biodistribution in the joint. Currently, fluorescence imaging is often used to track nanoparticle fate in animal models; however, this approach has limitations that impede long-term quantitative assessment of nanoparticles over time.