In Vivo Imaging Techniques for the Human Scalp: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objective: Scalp inflammation and alopecia are distressing conditions for which patients regularly present to dermatology. Although some diagnoses can be made clinically, others require biopsy, which carries the risk of pain, infection, bleeding, and scarring. This review examines the existing literature regarding noninvasive in vivo imaging techniques and their evidence and utility in evaluating scalp pathology, with a focus on the diagnostics of hair conditions.

The Burden of Melasma: Race, Ethnicity, and Comorbidities.

Introduction: In an effort to define the characteristics of populations affected by melasma, we utilized a large global health research network database from 108 health care organizations (TriNetx) to quantify the associations between race, ethnicity, and comorbidities.

Methods: We identified the cohort of all patients with melasma from the TriNetx database, and subsequently generated a control cohort. ICD-10 codes were used to identify the prevalence of various comorbidities associated with melasma.

Familial Chiari malformation: a systematic review and illustrative cases.

Objective: Chiari malformations (CMs) are a group of congenital or acquired disorders characterized by hindbrain overcrowding into an underdeveloped posterior cranial fossa. CM is considered largely sporadic-however, there exists growing evidence of transmissible genetic underpinnings. The purpose of this systematic review of all familial studies of CM was to investigate the existence of an inherited component and provide recommendations to manage and monitor at-risk family members.

Avelumab in the Treatment of Advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Background: Avelumab, a programmed death ligand-1 inhibitor, has shown success in providing durable responses for difficult-to-treat Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs).

Objective: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of avelumab in the treatment of advanced MCC.

Methods: Studies reporting the use of avelumab as a monotherapy or in combination with other agents in the treatment of stage III or IV (advanced) MCC were included.

MMS hotspots: a cross-sectional comparison of U.S. counties with and without Mohs micrographic surgery.

Healthcare access greatly impacts skin cancer diagnosis and mortality rates. Recognition of current disparities in Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) access can assist future policy and clinical decisions to correct them. For the years 2014-2018, the CPT codes for MMS (17,311 and 17,313) were counted on a per county level across the United States per the Medicare Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Prescriber Database.

Reduced toxicity conditioning and a high CD34 cell dose can achieve full donor chimerism in DOCK8 deficiency.

Background: Biallelic mutations in the dedicator of cytokinesis 8 () gene were identified as the cause of combined immunodeficiency in 2009. Survival rates without hematopoietic stem cell transplant in patients with DOCK8 deficiency decline from 87% at 10 years to 33% at 30 years. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is therefore the recommended treatment for cure of DOCK8 deficiency.

Is There a Role for Radiofrequency Devices in Hair?

Background: Radiofrequency (RF) devices are being increasingly used for cosmetic dermatology applications. Recent studies have reported an apparent dualistic nature of RF devices for hair, causing either removal or growth depending on the modality of RF.

Materials And Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science searches were conducted in July 2022 according to PRISMA guidelines for studies discussing RF technology in hair applications ( = 19).

Cardiovascular Adaptations of Space Travel: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Space travel imposes significant gravitational and radiation stress on both cellular and systemic physiology, resulting in myriad cardiovascular changes that have not been fully characterized.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the cellular and clinical adaptations of the cardiovascular system after exposure to real or simulated space travel in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched in June 2021 for all peer-reviewed articles published since 1950 related to the following search terms entered in separate pairs: "cardiology and space" and "cardiology and astronaut.

Narsoplimab for severe transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy.

Background: Transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is an endothelial injury syndrome linked to the overactivation of complement pathways. It manifests with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, consumptive thrombocytopenia, and microvascular thrombosis leading to ischemic tissue injury. Mannose residues on fungi and viruses activate the mannose-binding lectin complement pathway, and hence activation of the lectin pathway could be one of the reasons for triggering TA-TMA.