Multifunctional luminogens with synergy of aggregation-induced delayed fluorescence, two-photon absorption and photocurrent generation.

In this study, we investigated the aggregation-induced delayed fluorescence (AIDF) properties of three luminogens - TN, TA, and TP. Our comprehensive theoretical analysis reveals a significant reduction in the Δ in their aggregated or solid-state, activating TADF, on a ∼μs time-scale. Additionally, these luminogens demonstrate two-photon excited anti-Stokes photoluminescence emission and improved photocurrent generation, attributed to their strong charge transfer characteristics and longer singlet exciton lifetimes.

Meeting proceedings of the 43rd Indian Association for Cancer Research (IACR).

The 43rd Annual Conference of the Indian Association of Cancer Research (IACR) was held between 19th and 22nd January 2024 at the Indian Institute of Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India. Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally; efforts have been made to understand and treat this deadly disease for several decades. The 43rd IACR, organised by Mayurika Lahiri, Kundan Sengupta, Nagaraj Balasubramanian, Mridula Nambiar, Krishanpal Karmodiya, and Siddhesh Kamat, highlighted recent advances in cancer research, with implications in therapeutics at the forefront of the discussions.

Study of the association of the known prognostic variables with EGFR expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

Context: : Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are the sixth most frequent malignancy in the world. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) are members of Erb B family of receptors. EGFR is known to act as a driver of tumorigenesis in various carcinomas.

The systemic immune-inflammation index in predicting sepsis mortality.

Background: The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel parameter and its role in the prognosis of sepsis has never been explored previously.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed 267 patients with blood-culture confirmed sepsis. Clinical and laboratory data recorded at intensive care unit (ICU) admission were analyzed.

Perception without preconception: comparison between the human and machine learner in recognition of tissues from histological sections.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown success in image classification, with high accuracy in recognition of everyday objects. Performance of DNNs has traditionally been measured assuming human accuracy is perfect. In specific problem domains, however, human accuracy is less than perfect and a comparison between humans and machine learning (ML) models can be performed.

Evaluating morphological features for predicting microsatellite instability status in colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers worldwide, with incidence rates in India being around 4%. It is a heterogeneous disease with multiple established prognostic factors. Ten to fifteen percent originate from microsatellite instability (MSI) pathway, characterized by defect in mismatch repair (MMR) gene.

Evaluation of Number Density of Tumor-Associated Macrophages by Immunohistochemistry and Semiquantitative Scoring in Invasive Breast Cancer: An Indian Study.

Context: Tumor microenvironment is emerging as a critical factor for progression of breast cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in promoting tumor growth.

Aim: This study was aimed at correlation of number density (ND) of TAMs with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) grading utilizing an image morphometric technique.

Do extraglomerular microvasculature and mesenchymal interstitial cell proliferation indicate a stable course of lupus nephritis?

Background: Lupus Nephritis (LN) is a major and frequent manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease. Renal biopsy has a pivotal role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of the LN. The aim of this study was to count the mesenchymal interstitial cells utilizing CD34 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and morphometric analysis, correlate them with clinical parameters, class, activity, and chronicity indices and see if it can predict the course of the disease.

Clinicopathological spectrum and treatment outcome of idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children at a tertiary care center.

Background: Idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (iSRNS) is a common problem in pediatric nephrology. About 10%-20% of children with nephrotic syndrome have iSRNS and almost 50 percent progress to end-stage renal disease. Very few studies have tried to study the histopathological spectrum, correlate clinical features, renal biopsy patterns and treatment outcome in children presenting with iSRNS in India.

Utility of glomerular morphometry in diagnosing pediatric renal disease.

Background: Morphometry has now become a useful adjunct to the diagnostic armamentarium of light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy, as it provides a deep insight into quantitative parameters of nephropathies. There has been a limited study on its utility especially in diagnosing pediatric renal diseases. This study is probably the first in India to assess the contribution of this diagnostic modality in pediatric renal disease to the best of authors' knowledge.

Platelet Indices and Their Kinetics Predict Mortality in Patients of Sepsis.

Platelet indices are inexpensive, easily accessible parameters and potentially useful prognostic indicators in sepsis. In this study we explore the differences in platelet indices and their kinetics between sepsis survivors and non-survivors. A retrospective cohort-study of 97 cases of culture-positive sepsis at a tertiary-care center in North India.

Study of platelet indices in pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Background: Hypertension encountered during pregnancy could be the first sign of a preexisting pathology that can significantly attribute to unfavorable maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Resolving hypertensive disorders at an early age may not alter the course and proficiency of the disease, but timely detection and treatment can not only prevent hypertensive crisis but also alter unfavorable fetal outcomes. Ipso facto, an early cataloging plays an essential role in predicting the outcome of pregnancy, both for mother and baby.

Plasma cell neoplasm with varied morphology: A report of two cases.

Plasma cell (PC) neoplasm (PCN) with varied morphology has been described in the literature. The majority of clonal proliferation of PCs is composed of easily recognizable morphology in the bone marrow (BM). However, few cases may cause diagnostic complexity, as they exhibit varied cytological and architectural heterogeneity which may pose problem in morphological diagnosis and require the use of ancillary techniques like immunohistochemistry (IHC).

The Robertsonian translocation of '21/22' in Nonobstructive Azoospermia: A Rare Case Report from India.

Robertsonian translocation is a subtype of balanced translocation involving two acrocentric chromosomes. Individuals who are carrier of this abnormality are at increased risk of infertility or bad obstetric history. This case is reported with the aim to describe a male who presented with nonobstructive azoospermia at a tertiary care center.

Hepatitis B, interferon, and acne fulminans in a young girl.

Acne fulminans (AF) is a very rare severe form of acne seen in young males, characterized by a sudden and explosive onset of hemorrhagic pustules and ulceration on the trunk, systemic features in the form of fever, polyarthropathy, malaise, erythema nodosum and painful osteolytic bone involvement with leukocytosis, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Conventional treatment of AF includes corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents for the initial phase followed by isotretinoin. Active hepatitis B infection with a high viral load precludes the administration of any immunosuppressive drugs.

Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma: A report of 10 cases.

Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma initially described by O'Brien in 1975 is a disorder of uncertain etiopathogenesis presenting with annular erythematous plaques predominantly on the sun-exposed areas. Hisptopathologically, it is characterized by elastin degenration, multinucleate giant cells, and elastophagocytosis. The authors came across 10 such cases, which were managed with hydroxychloroquine resulting in complete resolution in 4-6 months.

Nevus Lipomatosis Cutaneous Superficialis - A clinicopathologic study of the solitary type.

Background: Nevus Lipomatosis Cutaneous Superficialis (NLCS) is a rare, benign hamartomatous lesion characterized by the ectopic presence of mature adipocytes in the reticular dermis not associated with the underlying subcutaneous tissue. Two clinical forms-classical and solitary occur. The solitary form is relatively uncommon, due to which these lesions are commonly clinically misdiagnosed.

A morphometric and immunohistochemical study of melanocytes in periorbital hyperpigmentation.

Background: An increase in number of melanocytes in the basal cell layer of the epidermis is an important feature in many disorders of hyperpigmentation. In this study, we attempted an objective evaluation of the linear density of melanocytes and keratinocytes, along with other epidermal characteristics, in periorbital hyperpigmentation using immunohistochemistry and morphometric techniques.

Methods: Melanocytes and epidermal parameters were assessed by digital morphometry in 30 newly diagnosed cases of periorbital hyperpigmentation and 14 controls from the post-auricular region.

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Oral Cavity. A Great Mimicker.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a seldom-described tumor of indefinite etiology and pathogenesis. It occurs primarily in the lungs, but has occurred in other extra-pulmonary sites. Histologically, these lesions appear as an inflammatory infiltrate within a variably myofibrotic background.