Comparing Ksharasutra (Ayurvedic Seton) and open fistulotomy in the management of fistula-in-ano.

Background: Most commonly practiced surgical "lay open" technique to treat fistula-in-ano (a common anorectal pathology) has high rate of recurrence and anal incontinence. Alternatively, a nonsurgical cost efficient treatment with Ksharasutra (cotton Seton coated with Ayurvedic medicines) has minimal complications. In our study, we have tried to compare these two techniques.

Multi-objective optimization of an industrial penicillin V bioreactor train using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm.

Bulk of the penicillin produced is used as raw material for semi-synthetic penicillin (such as amoxicillin and ampicillin) and semi-synthetic cephalosporins (such as cephalexin and cefadroxil). In the present paper, an industrial penicillin V bioreactor train is optimized for multiple objectives simultaneously. An industrial train, comprising a bank of identical bioreactors, is run semi-continuously in a synchronous fashion.

Splenunculus masquerading as colonic malignancy.

A 60-year-old woman presented with a hard lump of 5 x 3 cm in the left hypochondrium of 4 months duration. Clinical evaluation and investigations pointed towards a probably malignant colonic growth near the splenic flexure. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy with resection of the lump with the associated colon.