Evaluating the Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Treating Primary Knee Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Interventional Study.

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder causing pain, stiffness, and reduced function, significantly impacting the quality of life. Current treatments mainly provide symptomatic relief, with limited efficacy in halting disease progression. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a biological therapy rich in growth factors, has gained attention as a potential treatment for knee OA due to its regenerative properties.

Giant Cell Tumor of First Metatarsal: A Rare Case Report with Literature Review.

Introduction: Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a benign locally aggressive tumor with features of frequent recurrence and metastatic potential. GCT of small bones of hand and feet is rare with high recurrence and potential to metastasis. This study aims to provide a case report of GCT of the first metatarsal treated with wide excision, autologous fibular grafting, and fixation with locking plate.

Influential factors in anaerobic digestion of rice-derived food waste and animal manure: A comprehensive review.

Utilization of organic community wastes towards deriving sustainable renewable energy and adequate disposal of the residual has been an important topic of investigation. Anaerobic digestion and co-digestion of rice-derived food waste and animal manure for sustainable biogas generation is crucial from the view-point of community consumption. This paper presents an extensive review of the important and recent contributions in the related areas.

Longitudinal study of cognitive function in people with HIV and toxoplasmic encephalitis or latent toxoplasma infection.

Background: Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) may occur during and persist even after recovery from HIV-related central nervous system (CNS) co-infections such as toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE). The long-term cognitive effects of TE and latent toxoplomasmic infections (LTI) among persons with HIV (PWH) are unknown. We measured longitudinal effects on neurocognitive functioning in PWH with TE compared to LTI or no toxoplasmal infection.

Long Term Surgical and Radiological Outcome of Discoid Lateral Meniscus: An Updated Systematic Review.

Purpose Of The Study: This study aimed to reach a consensus for ideal surgical treatment of discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) and to evaluate its long term surgical and radiological outcome.

Methods: All authors independently searched for peer reviewed publications with keywords like discoid lateral meniscus, tibial menisci abnormalities, tibial menisci surgery and clinical outcome and their representative Medical Subjects Headings (MeSH) in databases of PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from inception to December 2022. Original articles in English language on discoid lateral meniscus reporting clinical, surgical, or radiological outcomes with five or more years of follow-up were included in this systematic review.

Genetic Variations in EIF2AK3 are Associated with Neurocognitive Impairment in People Living with HIV.

Based on emerging evidence on the role for specific single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in EIF2AK3 encoding the integrated stress response kinase PERK, in neurodegeneration, we assessed the association of EIF2AK3 SNVs with neurocognitive performance in people with HIV (PWH) using a candidate gene approach. This retrospective study included the CHARTER cohort participants, excluding those with severe neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Genome-wide data previously obtained for 1047 participants and targeted sequencing of 992 participants with available genomic DNA were utilized to interrogate the association of three noncoding and three coding EIF2AK3 SNVs with the continuous global deficit score (GDS) and global neurocognitive impairment (NCI; GDS ≥ 0.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Antibiotic Therapy in Non-responsive Sacroiliitis: A Comparative Study.

Background: Sacroiliitis, characterized by inflammation of the sacroiliac joints, poses significant challenges in management, especially in patients unresponsive to standard therapies like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and physical therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in such patients, addressing a critical gap in the current treatment approach.

Methods: A total of 360 patients with lower back pain who presented to the outpatient department (OPD) of the Department of Orthopedics of a medical college in Northern India for six months were included in this study.

Longitudinal analysis of CSF HIV RNA in untreated people with HIV: Identification of CSF controllers.

Interindividual variation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA setpoint in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its determinants are poorly understood, but relevant for HIV neuropathology, brain reservoirs, viral escape, and reseeding after antiretroviral interruptions. Longitudinal multicentric study on demographic, clinical, and laboratory correlates of CSF HIV RNA in 2000 follow-up visits from 597 people with HIV (PWH) off antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with plasma HIV RNA > the lower limit of quantification (LLQ). Factors associated with CSF control (CSFC; CSF HIV RNA < LLQ while plasma HIV RNA > LLQ) and with CSF/plasma discordance (CSF > plasma HIV RNA > LLQ) were also assessed through mixed-effects models.

Perinatal Exposure to Trace Elements: The Dubious Culprit of Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Children.

There is evidence that few trace elements in the environment work as hazardous materials in terms of their exposure in the perinatal period, causing autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in children, and avoiding these exposures in the environment can reduce the number of new cases. This perspective study provides preliminary evidence to consider a few trace elements as culprits for ASD. More studies with larger cohorts are needed, but meanwhile, as per available evidence, exposure to these hazardous materials must be warranted during pregnancy and early stages of life.

Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients.

Background: Post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (PASC), defined as prolonged symptoms following an episode of COVID-19, is not well-characterized in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR). In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of PASC in SOTR, its descriptive characteristics, and associated risk factors.

Methods: We retrospectively identified SOTRs with acute COVID-19 between June 1, 2020 and April 15, 2022, and abstracted demographic and medical history, characteristics of acute COVID-19 illness, and COVID-19 vaccination status.

Pubic Symphysis Tuberculosis Recurrence - A Rare Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) of pubic symphysis is an extremely uncommon condition accounting <1% of all musculoskeletal TB. Further recurrence of TB of symphysis pubis is a rare clinical scenario requiring a high level of suspicion for diagnosing the condition. Recurrence of tuberculosis can occur either be due to relapse of the original infection or reinfection due to exogenous Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain.

Effect of coinfections on neurocognitive functioning among people with clade C HIV infection in Zambia.

Despite the fact that many coinfections in people with HIV (PWH) are treatable or suppressible, they may still impact neurocognitive (NC) functioning. Here, we aim to evaluate the presence of latent/treated coinfections and their association with NC functioning in a cohort of PWH in Zambia. We carried out a cross-sectional, nested study involving 151 PWH with viral suppression, and a normative sample of 324 adults without HIV.

Anemia and Erythrocyte Indices Are Associated With Neurocognitive Performance Across Multiple Ability Domains in Adults With HIV.

Background: Anemia is linked to neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in people with HIV (PWH), but its impact within specific ability domains, and in diverse populations with HIV, is uncertain.

Methods: Participants included 1339 PWH enrolled in observational HIV cohort studies with a mean of 3 comprehensive neurocognitive assessments over 30 months. Global and domain-specific neurocognitive function were assessed by the global deficit score and domain deficit score (GDS and DDS, respectively) or as GDS-defined or DDS-defined NCI (GDS ≥ 0.

Understanding health care seeking behavior in a tribal setting in West Bengal.

Background: The health-related problems of the tribal population depend on their ecology and culture. Often the tribal people do not utilize the medical and preventive health services available to them. Health problems in tribal groups need special attention because many tribal communities are backward.

A Rare Presentation of Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma as Spinal Cord Compression and Complete Paraplegia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is a serious but infrequent cause of profound neurological compromise of acute onset. It is often an atraumatic occurrence, and in around half of the cases, no etiology is identified. However, several causes such as arteriovenous malformation in the spine, use of anticoagulants in various cardiovascular diseases, and spinal trauma have been incriminated for its development.

Efficacy of a local corticosteroid injection on pain, disability and radial nerve thickness in patients with lateral epicondylitis.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a steroid injection with conservative therapy (CT) versus CT alone on pain, functional limitations and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the radial nerve (RN) in patients with lateral epicondylitis (LE).

Methods: In this clinical trial, seventy subjects in the age group of 30-60 years with a clinical diagnosis of LE were recruited. Patients received an ultrasound-guided steroid injection and CT (Group A, = 35) or CT alone (Group B, = 35).

Co-digestion of municipal solid waste with lignocellulosic waste in mesophilic Environment.

The present study deals with the dual problem of municipal solid waste and lignocellulosic waste in which authors tried to use these two waste materials as clean and renewable energy source. In the present study, anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste and lignocellulosic waste in varying combinations was carried out. Five-set of experiments (S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5) under mesophilic conditions were conducted in batch reactors.

Trichothecenes in food and feed: Occurrence, impact on human health and their detection and management strategies.

Trichothecenes (TCNs) are the mycotoxins produced by many fungal species such as Fusarium, Myrothecium, and Stachybotrys and pose a considerable health risk. Based on their characteristic functional moieties, they are divided into four categories: Type A (T-2, HT-2, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), harzianum A, neosolaniol (NEO) and trichodermin), Type B (deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), trichothecin and fusarenon X), Type C (crotocin) and Type D (satratoxin G & H, roridin A and verrucarin A) with types A and B being the most substantial. TCNs cause growth retardation in eukaryotes, suppress seedling growth or regeneration in plants and could be a reason for animal reproductive failure.

External Fixator as a Saviour in the Management of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst with Physeal Extension in Pathological Fracture of the Proximal Femur: A Case Report with a Review of Literature.

Introduction: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC's) are expansile, tumour-like vascular lesion. They are more commonly seen in the metaphyseal region of long bones. They are benign lesion although malignant transformation has been reported.

Neglected Isolated Sleeve Fracture of the Superior Pole of the Patella in a Healthy Adult - A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Introduction: Sleeve fracture (SF) represents an unusual type of patellar fracture and has been reported mainly in children or adolescents. Superior pole fracture in adults is a very rare occurrence because the enthesis of the adult patella is more resilient to avulsion injury as compared to an immature pediatric skeleton. Due to the rarity of these fractures in adults and vague radiographic findings, the chances of missing the fracture are very high.

Large Mitochondrial DNA Deletions in HIV Sensory Neuropathy.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation of large mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions in skin samples of people with HIV (PWH) with measures of neuropathy and prior exposure to therapy. We hypothesized that deletions would be associated with neuropathy. As secondary objectives, we determined the correlation of deletion burden with demographic data and neuropathy measures.

Bisindolylmaleimide IX: A novel anti-SARS-CoV2 agent targeting viral main protease 3CLpro demonstrated by virtual screening pipeline and in-vitro validation assays.

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 consists of several enzymes with essential functions within its proteome. Here, we focused on repurposing approved and investigational drugs/compounds. We targeted seven proteins with enzymatic activities known to be essential at different stages of the viral cycle including PLpro, 3CLpro, RdRP, Helicase, ExoN, NendoU, and 2'-O-MT.

The utility of olfactory function in distinguishing early-stage Alzheimer's disease from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.

Objectives: Given the rising number of older people with HIV (PWH) and the overlap in cognitive dysfunction profiles in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and Alzheimer's disease and its precursor, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), methods are needed to distinguish aMCI/Alzheimer's disease from HAND. As an early indicator of Alzheimer's disease, we examined whether olfactory dysfunction could help to distinguish between aMCI/Alzheimer's disease and HAND among PWH.

Design: An observational cohort study.

Kuntscher Nail: A Forgotten Entity Yet a Reliable Modality in Treatment of Winquist Type I and II Closed Femoral Shaft Fractures.

Background Interlocking intramedullary nail is used for almost all types of femoral shaft fractures worldwide because of its better mechanical stability. In countries like India with limited healthcare infrastructure, the use of Kuntscher nail (K-nail) in Winquist type I and type II isthmic fractures is still debated. Therefore, we conducted this study to compare the functional outcome, radiation exposure, and cost of the implant between closed reduction and internal fixation of Winquist type I and II fractures in the middle one-third shaft region by K-nail and intramedullary locked nails (IMILN), respectively.