Supplementation of coated sodium butyrate relieved weaning stress and reshaped microbial flora in weaned lambs.

Weaning is an important period in the growth and development of lambs. Thus, effectively reducing the occurrence of weaning stress is critical for maintaining lamb production. Coated sodium butyrate has been shown to reduce inflammation, promote intestinal health, and maintain homeostasis.

Exploring Cr(VI)-induced blood-brain barrier injury and neurotoxicity in zebrafish and snakehead fish, and inhibiting toxic effects of astaxanthin.

Cr(VI) is a common hazardous heavy metal contaminant that seriously endangers human and aquatic animal health. GPX4 was the key enzyme that reduces heavy metal toxicity through inhibiting ferroptosis pathway. Astaxanthin was GPX4 activator that can weaken biological toxicity induced by Cr(VI) exposure.

Effect of tandem repeats of antimicrobial peptide CC34 on production of target proteins and activity of Pichia pastoris.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are attracting attention in the fields of medicine, food, and agriculture because of their broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, low resistance, and low-residue in the body. However, the low yield and instability of the prepared AMP drugs limit their application. In this study, we designed a tetramer of the AMP CC34, constructed and transfected two recombinant expression vectors with pGAPZαA containing a haploid CC34 and tetraploid CC34 (CC34-4js) into Pichia pastoris to explore the effect of biosynthesized peptides.

In situ and in vitro evaluation of the bioavailability of rumen-protected methionine with coating prototypes.

Rumen protected amino acids are supplements that can enhance ruminal performance, yet the coating designed to protect the amino acids might also lead to different effects. Methionine is an essential methyl donor to synthesize protein, and little data exists on the effects of coating materials on its bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) coatings with different ratios of acrylic resin IV (AR), ethyl cellulose (EC), and a mixture of AR and EC (AREC).

Effects of probiotic administration on the digestibility characteristics and growth performance of finishing beef cattle fed a total mixed ration containing different levels of corn stover.

In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of probiotic administration on the digestibility characteristics and growth performance of finishing beef cattle fed a total mixed ration (TMR) containing different levels of corn stover. One hundred and sixty Simmental × Continental crossbred bulls were randomly allocated to two animal houses (80 bulls each) and randomly assigned four TMR differing in the level of corn stover-high (HCT) and low (LCT)-with or without probiotics in each animal house. Feeding HCT supplemented with probiotics increased (P < 0.

Antimicrobial peptide CC34 attenuates intestinal inflammation via downregulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

The investigational drug CC34 is a cation peptide with multiple bioactivities. Here, we studied the anti-inflammatory effects of CC34 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse monocyte-macrophage cells (RAW264.7) and in mice with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation.

Toxic effects of hexavalent chromium (Cr) on bioaccumulation, apoptosis, oxidative damage and inflammatory response in Channa asiatica.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of Cr on bioaccumulation, digestion, immunity, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation-related genes in Channa asiatica. The fish was exposed to waterborne Cr concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.

Bioflocs attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, immunosuppression and oxidative stress in Channa argus.

The regulation of C/N in aquaculture water is an important means of environmental regulation, of which the most common is bioflocs technology (BFT). Here, an eight-week feeding experiment and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge test were proceed to investigate the growth, oxidative stress, immunosuppression and GR-NF-κB related genes expression of Channa argus rearing in the BFT. Four groups were set, the control group was a basic diet (C/N = 7.

Multifocal diffractive lens design in ophthalmology.

Multifocal diffractive lenses are used widely in ophthalmology. This paper provides a general mathematical formula to summarize various multifocal diffractive lens designs and introduces a novel, design: the subzonal multifocal diffractive (SMUD) lens. Analytical and numerical methods of SMUD lens design are elaborated in detail.

Amelioration of hexavalent chromium-induced bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, tight junction proteins and immune-related signaling factors by Allium mongolicum Regel flavonoids in Ctenopharyngodon idella.

Chromium (Cr) is the most common heavy metal and that becomes toxic when present at higher concentrations in aquatic environments. Allium mongolicum Regel flavonoids (AMRF) has been documented to possess detoxification, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of dietary AMRF and Cr exposure on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, and immune response in Ctenopharyngodon idella.

The optimization of fermentation conditions for GS115 producing recombinant xylanase.

Xylanase is a member of an important family of enzymes that has been used in many biotechnological processes. However, the overall cost of enzyme production has been the main problem in the industrial application of enzymes. To obtain maximum xylanase production, statistical approaches based on the Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology were employed.

Therapeutic Potential of Trp-Rich Engineered Amphiphiles by Single Hydrophobic Amino Acid End-Tagging.

End-tagging with a single hydrophobic residue contributes to improve the cell selectivity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), but systematic studies have been lacking. Thus, this study aimed to systematically investigate how end-tagging with hydrophobic residues at the C-terminus and Gly capped at the N-terminus of W4 (RWRWWWRWR) affects the bioactivity of W4 variants. Among all the hydrophobic residues, only Ala end-tagging improved the antibacterial activity of W4.

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Affects Lipid Metabolism via Changing Gut Microflora and Enhancing Propionate Production in Weaned Pigs.

Background: It is not clear whether dietary grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) affects mammalian lipid metabolism via the gut microbiota.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the gut microbiota to the effect of dietary GSP.

Methods: This study was divided into 3 separate experiments using Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs (50% male) weaned at day 28 and then fed the same basal diet (NC).

Sodium Phenylbutyrate Ameliorates Inflammatory Response Induced by Lipoteichoic Acid via Suppressing TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathways in MAC-T Cells.

This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of sodium phenylbutyrate (SPB) against () lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-stimulated bovine mammary alveolar (MAC-T) cells. Quantitative PCR was performed to examine the effect of SPB on inflammatory cytokines and host defense peptide (HDP) gene expression. Western blot wanalysis was used to detect the effect of SPB on the TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Gut microbiota correlates with fiber and apparent nutrients digestion in goose.

To explore the relationship among the level of fiber, gut microbiota, and nutritional substances, we applied the next generation sequencing technology for the identification of the composition and structure of microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, a total of 25 phyla and 298 genera were identified from the gastrointestinal tract; Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla. The ability of cecum in carbohydrate metabolism was significantly higher than that of the gizzard and ileum (P < 0.

Effects of different amylose to amylopectin ratios on rumen fermentation and development in fattening lambs.

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of different amylose/amylopectin ratios on rumen fermentation and development of fattening lambs.

Methods: Forty-eight 7-day-old male Small-tailed Han sheep×Northeast fine wool sheep were randomly assigned to four treatments of dietary amylose/amylopectin ratios (0.12, 0.

Separation of motile sperm for in vitro fertilization from frozen-thawed bull semen using progesterone induction on a microchip.

This study presents a novel method for the separation of motile sperm from non-progressive motile and immotile sperm and in vitro Fertilization (IVF). This separation of bull sperm was accomplished by inducing chemotaxis along a progesterone release agent in a 7.5-mm microchannel microchip composed of a biocompatible polydimethysiloxane layer and a glass gradient.

Temperatures of the Ocular Surface, Lid, and Periorbital Regions of Sjögren's, Evaporative, and Aqueous-Deficient Dry Eyes Relative to Normals.

Purpose: To compare the temperatures of the ocular surface, eyelid, and periorbital skin in normal eyes with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) eyes, evaporative dry eyes (EDE), and aqueous deficient dry eyes (ADDE).

Methods: 10 eyes were analyzed in each age-matched group (normal, SS, EDE, and ADDE). A noninvasive infrared thermal camera captured two-dimensional images in three regions of interest (ROI) in each of three areas: the ocular surface, the upper eyelid, and the periorbital skin within a controlled environmental chamber.

Thermal analysis of dry eye subjects and the thermal impulse perturbation model of ocular surface.

In this study, we explore the usage of ocular surface temperature (OST) decay patterns to distinguished between dry eye patients with aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). The OST profiles of 20 dry eye subjects were measured by a long-wave infrared thermal camera in a standardized environment (24 °C, and relative humidity (RH) 40%). The subjects were instructed to blink every 5 s after 20 ∼ 25 min acclimation.