Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of patients with bioprosthetic mitral valve- Experience from a South Asian country.

Objectives: Due to rheumatic heart disease, young people are more likely to develop valvular heart disease in developing countries. In countries like Pakistan, surgeons implant more bioprosthetic mitral valves (MVs) in younger patients. However, bioprosthetic valves degenerate rapidly in younger people, leading to bioprosthetic MV dysfunction (BMVD).

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Calcified and Non-Calcified Coronary Artery Lesion Intervention Under IVUS Guidance.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical results of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided intervention for calcified coronary artery lesions.

Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 2013 to January 2020.

Case report: Aorto-left atrial fistula-A rare complication of native aortic valve endocarditis.

Background: Aorto-cavitary fistula is a rare complication of infective endocarditis. Multimodal imaging is commonly required to assess the severity and extent of infection because of the complex pathology of the valvular and paravalvular apparatus in endocarditis.

Case Presentation: We present an unusual case of a middle-aged man with recent history of meningoencephalitis who developed infective endocarditis complicated by ruptured abscess in inter-valvular fibrosa between aortic and mitral valve resulting in free communication or fistula formation between aorta and left atrium.

Double-chambered left ventricle: diagnosis by CMR and review of the literature.

Background: A double-chambered left ventricle (DCLV) is an extremely rare congenital malformation. The exact prevalence of DCLV is not known, although studies have reported prevalence of 0.04-0.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of atrial fibrillation at a tertiary center of Pakistan - From a South-Asian perspective - A cross-sectional study.

Background: There is lack of large data from South-Asian region on atrial fibrillation and it is imperative that clinical presentation, prognostic factors, management pursued, and outcomes are known for this part of the world. Once collective evidence for the region is known, region-specific guidelines can be laid forward.

Objectives: To evaluate clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of atrial fibrillation at a tertiary care center of Pakistan.