Selenium-Rich Black Soldier Fly Supplementation Enriches Serum Indexes and Egg Selenium Content in Laying Hens.

A certain amount of selenium (Se) is usually added to the diet of laying hens to improve the quality and nutritional value of eggs. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of selenium-rich black soldier fly (BSF) supplementation in diets on laying production performance, egg quality, serum indexes, and egg selenium content of Hy-line variety brown laying hens. A total of 288 at 49-week-old healthy laying hens were divided into 3 treatment groups with 6 replicates per group and 16 hens per replicate using a single-factor completely randomized design.

Identification and characterization of extrachromosomal circular DNA in Wei and Large White pigs by high-throughput sequencing.

Wei pig (WP) and Large White pig (LP) are fatty and lean breeds, respectively. Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) plays an important role in regulating signaling pathway processes of cell. However, there are few reports regarding the eccDNA and ecDNA profiles in WP and LP.

High and low dose of luzindole or 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin (4-P-PDOT) reverse bovine granulosa cell response to melatonin.

Background: Communication between oocytes and granulosa cells ultimately dictate follicle development or atresia. Melatonin is also involved in follicle development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin and its receptor antagonists on hormone secretion, as well as gene expression related to hormone synthesis, TGF- superfamily, and follicle development in bovine granulosa cells, and assess the effects of melatonin in the presence of 4-P-PDOT and luzindole.

Genes and Signaling Pathways Involved in the Regulation of Selenium-Enriched Yeast on Liver Metabolism and Health of Broiler (Gallus gallus).

Selenium-enriched yeast (SeY) plays an important role in the liver health and metabolism of the broiler. However, the mechanism by which it regulates liver metabolism and the health of broilers is largely unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate the key genes and signaling pathways involved in regulating SeY in liver metabolism and bird's health.

Luzindole and 4P-PDOT block the effect of melatonin on bovine granulosa cell apoptosis and cell cycle depending on its concentration.

Granulosa cells play an essential physiological role in mediating the follicle development and survival or apoptosis of granulosa cells dictate the follicle development or atresia. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of high dose (10 M) and low dose (10 M) melatonin in bovine granulosa cells, and assess whether MT1 and MT2 inhibiter affect granulosa cells response to melatonin. We found that the high dose (10 M) and low dose (10 M) both could act as an essential role in modulating granulosa cells apoptosis, cell cycle and antioxidant.

Glutamine improves heat stress-induced oxidative damage in the broiler thigh muscle by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 signaling pathway.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on modulating heat stress-induced oxidative damage in the broiler thigh muscle through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2-Keap1) pathway. Three-hundred 22-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were reallocated into 5 groups: a control group (24 °C) fed with basal diet and 4 heat stress (HS) groups (34 °C for 8 h/D) fed with basal diet containing 0, 0.5, 1.

Impaired Mitochondrial Function Results from Oxidative Stress in the Full-Term Placenta of Sows with Excessive Back-Fat.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of excessive back-fat (BF) of sows on placental oxidative stress, ATP generation, mitochondrial alterations in content and structure, and mitochondrial function in isolated trophoblasts. Placental tissue was collected by vaginal delivery from BFI (15-20 mm, n = 10) and BFII (21-27 mm, n = 10) sows formed according to BF at mating. Our results demonstrated that excessive back-fat contributed to augmented oxidative stress in term placenta, as evidenced by excessive production of ROS, elevated protein carbonylation, and reduced SOD, GSH-PX, and CAT activities ( < 0.

Molecular Characterization of Microtubule Affinity-Regulating Kinase4 from and Promotion of Lipogenesis in Primary Porcine Placental Trophoblasts.

This study aimed to characterize the full-length cDNA of MARK4 in , and evaluated its potential role in the regulation of lipid accumulation in pig placental trophoblasts and analyzed signaling pathways involved, thereby providing insights into mechanisms for placental lipotoxicity induced by excessive back-fat during pregnancy of sows. The cDNA obtained with 5' and 3' RACE amplification covered 3216 bp with an open reading frame of 2259 bp encoding 752 amino acids. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed MARK4 protein of had a high homology (95%⁻99%) to that of other higher vertebrates.

Efficient Expression of Xylanase by Codon Optimization and Its Effects on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler.

The aim of the present study was to improve the expression level of xylanase (XynB) in through a codon optimization strategy and evaluate its effects on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler. According to the codon bias of genome, the gene from was optimized and synthesized by whole gene assembly to improve its expression level in . Approximately 180 target mutations were successfully introduced into natural .

Influence of Dietary Copper Methionine Concentrations on Growth Performance, Digestibility of Nutrients, Serum Lipid Profiles, and Immune Defenses in Broilers.

A 42-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of dietary copper (Cu) concentrations on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum parameters in broilers aged from 1 to 42 days. Five hundred forty 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into 1 of the following 6 dietary treatments: (1) control (basal diet without supplemental Cu), (2) 15 mg/kg supplemental Cu (Cu15), (3) 30 mg/kg supplemental Cu (Cu30), (4) 60 mg/kg supplemental Cu (Cu60), (5) 120 mg/kg supplemental Cu (Cu120), and (6) 240 mg/kg supplemental Cu (Cu240), Cu as copper methionine. A 4-day metabolism trial was conducted during the last week of the experiment feeding.

Maternal obesity stimulates lipotoxicity and up-regulates inflammatory signaling pathways in the full-term swine placenta.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of back-fat thickness (BF), at mating of sows, on placental lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. We performed iTRAQ labeling-based proteomic analysis on term placentas obtained by vaginal delivery from BFI (15-20 mm, control) and BFII (21-27 mm, obese) sows formed according to BF at mating. Proteomic analysis revealed 413 proteins to be significantly different in placenta from BFII sows by ≥1.

Effects of calcium propionate on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage.

Objective: To assess the potency of calcium propionate (CAP) used as silage additive, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of CAP on the nitrogen transformation, fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silages.

Methods: Alfalfa was ensiled with four levels of CAP (5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg of fresh weight [FW]) in laboratory silos for 30 days. After opening, the silages were analyzed for the chemical and microbiological characteristics, and subjected to an aerobic stability test.

Effects of sodium diacetate on the fermentation profile, chemical composition and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium diacetate (SDA) on fermentation profile, chemical composition and aerobic stability of alfalfa ( L.) silage.

Methods: Fresh alfalfa was ensiled with various concentrations of SDA (0, 3, 5, 7, and 9 g/kg of fresh forage).

Cloning, expression and characterization of a cold-adapted endo-1, 4--glucanase from A1, a symbiotic bacterium of .

Background: Many biotechnological and industrial applications can benefit from cold-adapted EglCs through increased efficiency of catalytic processes at low temperature. In our previous study, A1 which was isolated from a wood-inhabiting termite could secrete a cold-adapted EglC. However, its EglC was difficult to purify for enzymatic properties detection because of its low activity (0.

Effects of four short-chain fatty acids or salts on the dynamics of nitrogen transformations and intrinsic protease activity of alfalfa silage.

Background: Short-chain fatty salts have been widely used as food and forage preservatives because of their antimicrobial properties. This study evaluated the effects of four chemical compounds with antimicrobial properties on nitrogen transformations and intrinsic protease activity of alfalfa silage.

Results: Potassium diformate (PD) and formic acid (FA) rapidly reduced silage pH.

Interactive effects of glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid on growth performance and skeletal muscle amino acid metabolism of 22-42-day-old broilers exposed to hot environment.

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the interactive effects between dietary glutamine (Gln, 0 and 5 g/kg) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 0 and 100 mg/kg) on growth performance and amino acid (AA) metabolism of broilers under hot environment. A total of 360 22-day-old Arbor Acres male chickens were randomly assigned to five treatment groups under thermoneutral chamber (PC, 23 °C) and cyclic heat stress (HS, 30-34 °C cycling) conditions. Compared with the PC group, cyclic HS decreased (P < 0.

Effects of ethanol, molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silages in the Tibetan plateau of China.

In Tibet, it is common practice to make and relocate total mixed ration (TMR) silages before feeding due to the uneven distribution of forages temporally and spatially. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (L), molasses (M) or ethanol (E) on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of local adaptive TMR silage. After 45 days of ensiling, pH and ammonia nitrogen in inoculated TMR silages were significantly lower than control.