Why energy access is not enough for choosing clean cooking fuels? Evidence from the multinomial logit model.

The transition to sustainable energy requires an assessment of drivers of the use of clean and dirty fuels for cooking. Literature highlights the importance of access to clean fuel for switching from dirty fuels to clean fuels. Though access to cleaner fuels, such as electricity promotes clean fuel use, it does not necessarily lead to a complete transition to the use of clean fuels.

Trends and health impacts of major urban air pollutants in Kazakhstan.

The air quality in cities in Kazakhstan has been poorly investigated despite the worsening conditions. This study evaluates national air pollution monitoring network data (Total Suspended Particle-TSP, NO, SO, and O) from Kazakhstan cities and provides estimates of excess mortality rates associated with PM exposure using the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) concentration-response function. Morbidity rates associated with PM exposure were also estimated.

Assessing air quality changes in large cities during COVID-19 lockdowns: The impacts of traffic-free urban conditions in Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Number of cities worlwide experienced air quality improvements during COVID-19 lockdowns; however, such changes may have been different in places with major contributions from nontraffic related sources. In Almaty, a city-scale quarantine came into force on March 19, 2020, which was a week after the first COVID-19 case was registered in Kazakhstan. This study aims to analyze the effect of the lockdown from March 19 to April 14, 2020 (27 days), on the concentrations of air pollutants in Almaty.

Trends and health impacts of major urban air pollutants in Kazakhstan.

Air quality in Kazakhstan cities has been poorly investigated despite their deteriorating situations. This study evaluates the national air pollution monitoring network data (PM, NO, SO and O) in Kazakhstan cities, and provides the estimates of excess mortality rates associated with PM exposure using the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) concentration-response function. Morbidity rates associated with PM exposure were also estimated.

Quantifying trace elements in the emitted particulate matter during cooking and health risk assessment.

Particulate matter (PM) measurements were conducted during heating corn oil, heating corn oil mixed with the table salt and heating low fat ground beef meat using a PTFE-coated aluminum pan on an electric stove with low ventilation. The main objectives of this study were to measure the size segregated mass concentrations, emission rates, and fluxes of 24 trace elements emitted during heating cooking oil or oil with salt and cooking meat. Health risk assessments were performed based on the resulting exposure to trace elements from such cooking activities.