The international Family Affluence Scale (FAS): Charting 25 years of indicator development, evidence produced, and policy impact on adolescent health inequalities.

In the absence of suitable indicators of adolescent socioeconomic status, the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) was first developed in Scotland 25 years ago. Since then, it has been adapted for use in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study to research inequalities in adolescent health in Europe and North America. FAS has also been used as an indicator of adolescent socioeconomic status in research studies outside of HBSC, worldwide.

Child and adolescent health in Europe: Towards meeting the 2030 agenda.

Background: Childhood and adolescence are critical stages for a healthy life. To support countries in promoting health and development and improving health care for this age group, the WHO Regional Office for Europe developed the European strategy for child and adolescent health 2015-2020, which was adopted by all countries. This paper reports progress in the strategy's implementation until 2020.

The association between MPOWER tobacco control policies and adolescent smoking across 36 countries: An ecological study over time (2006-2014).

Objective: To examine associations over time between national tobacco control policies and adolescent smoking prevalence in Europe and Canada.

Design: In this ecological study, national tobacco control policies (MPOWER measures, as derived from WHO data) in 36 countries and their changes over time were related to national-level adolescent smoking rates (as derived from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, 2006-2014). MPOWER measures included were: Protecting people from tobacco smoke (P), offering help to quit tobacco use (O), warning about the dangers of tobacco (W), enforcing bans on advertising, promotion and sponsorship (E) and raising taxes on tobacco (R).

Child and adolescent health in Europe: monitoring implementation of policies and provision of services.

To promote children's health in Europe, the WHO Regional Office for Europe developed a strategy for child and adolescent health for the period 2015-20, which was adopted by all 53 European member states. The priorities of the strategy are broad and include action around supporting early childhood development, reducing exposure to violence, and tackling mental health problems in adolescence. The strategy's implementation was monitored with a survey of 82 questions sent to the ministries of health in all member states in 2016.

Involving young people in health promotion, research and policy-making: practical recommendations.

Youth is a dynamic and complex transition period in life where many factors jeopardise its present and future health. Youth involvement enables young people to influence processes and decisions that affect them, leading to changes in themselves and their environment (e.g.

Structural Determinants of Youth Bullying and Fighting in 79 Countries.

Purspose: The prevention of youth violence is a public health priority in many countries. We examined the prevalence of bullying victimization and physical fighting in youths in 79 high- and low-income countries and the relations between structural determinants of adolescent health (country wealth, income inequality, and government spending on education) and international differences in youth violence.

Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were administered in schools between 2003 and 2011.