Effect of Excess Fluoride Exposure on Radiographic and Histopathological Changes in Long Bones of Rabbit.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of excess fluoride exposure on long bones in young rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). New Zealand White rabbits (n = 30) were randomly divided into five equal groups and were provided drinking water containing 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg added fluoride per ml ad lib for a period of 90 days. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 45, and 90 of the experiment, and femur samples were collected for fluoride estimation on day 90 after radiography of long bone before sacrifice.

The use of circular and hybrid external skeletal fixation systems to repair open tibial fractures in large ruminants: a report of six clinical cases.

A prospective clinical study consisting of six bovines (200-300 kg body weight) undergoing open tibial fractures was carried out, to evaluate the use of circular and hybrid external skeletal fixation (ESF) systems for open tibial fracture repair in large ruminants. The ESF systems consisting of 4 full rings (n = 2), 8 half-rings (n = 1), 2 full rings with 2 sidebars (n = 2) or 2 full rings with 4 sidebars (n = 1) were used to treat open tibial fractures. The healing progress of the animals was evaluated based on different clinical and radiographic examinations.

Decellularized xenogenic bone graft for repair of segmental bone defect in rabbits.

Background: Bone grafting is a preferred treatment option for the healing of large diaphyseal bone defects and is useful in the management of nonunion, delayed union, and tumor resection.

Aims: To investigate a decellularization protocol of bovine cancellous bone for xenogenic implantation in radial bone defects in rabbits.

Methods: Bovine bone scaffolds fabricated with various decellularization protocols viz phosphate buffer saline (PBS), 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and rapid freeze and thaw technique.

Biomechanical properties of a novel locking compression plate to stabilize oblique tibial osteotomies in buffaloes.

Objective: Quantitation of mechanical properties of a novel locking compression plate (LCP) for bovine tibia.

Study Design: Prospective in vitro study.

Sample Population: Adult Murrah buffalo (250-350 kg) tibiae.

Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells and growth factors in gel scaffold repair osteochondral defect in rabbit.

An attempt was made to improve osteochondral healing with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) along with certain growth factors. Induced knee osteochondral defects were filled as: phosphate buffer saline (group A); MSCs in collagen gel (group B); group B plus insulin like growth factor-1 (group C); group C plus transforming growth factor β-1 (group D). Gross and scanning electron microscopy showed superior morphology and surface architecture of the healed tissue in groups D and C.

Epoxy-Pin External Skeletal Fixation for Management of Open Bone Fractures in Calves and Foals: A Review of 32 Cases.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate epoxy-pin external skeletal fixation technique for the treatment of open fractures in calves and foals.

Study Design:  Twenty-eight calves and four foals (weighing 45-105 kg) with fractures distal to the stifle or elbow made the subject for the retrospective study. The pins (2.

Use of locking plate in combination with dynamic compression plate for repair of tibial fracture in a young horse.

Grade 1 open spiral fracture of left tibia in a 1.5 year-old horse was treated using a combination of 4.5 mm locking compression plate (LCP) and a dynamic compression plate applied in a neutralization manner.

Mesenchymal stem cells with IGF-1 and TGF- β1 in laminin gel for osteochondral defects in rabbits.

Objective: Healing of articular cartilage is still a challenge due to its limited potential to regenerate. In the present study, we evaluated allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) alone or in combination with growth factors, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in laminin scaffolds for healing of osteochondral defects.

Design: Osteochondral defects of 4mm (diameter) x 5mm (depth) were induced in the rabbit knee joints and treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; control), BM-MSCs, BM-MSCs in laminin, BM-MSCs in laminin with IGF-1, or BM-MSCs in laminin with IGF-1 and TGF-β1 in 10 animals each.

Guinea pigs as an animal model for sciatic nerve injury.

The overwhelming use of rat models in nerve regeneration studies is likely to induce skewness in treatment outcomes. To address the problem, this study was conducted in 8 adult guinea pigs of either sex to investigate the suitability of guinea pig as an alternative model for nerve regeneration studies. A crush injury was inflicted to the sciatic nerve of the left limb, which led to significant decrease in the pain perception and neurorecovery up to the 4 weak.

Evaluation of tissue-engineered bone constructs using rabbit fetal osteoblasts on acellular bovine cancellous bone matrix.

Aim: The aim of this study was to generate composite bone graft and investigate the rabbit fetal osteoblasts adhesion, proliferation and penetration on acellular matrices of cancellous bone.

Materials And Methods: Acellular cancellous bone was prepared and developed as in the previous study with little modification. These matrices were decellularized by rapid freeze and thaw cycle.

Cartilage tissue engineering: Role of mesenchymal stem cells along with growth factors & scaffolds.

Articular cartilage injury poses a major challenge for both the patient and orthopaedician. Articular cartilage defects once formed do not regenerate spontaneously, rather replaced by fibrocartilage which is weaker in mechanical competence than the normal hyaline cartilage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) along with different growth factors and scaffolds are currently incorporated in tissue engineering to overcome the deficiencies associated with currently available surgical methods and to facilitate cartilage healing.

In vitro biomechanical testing of different configurations of acrylic external skeletal fixator constructs.

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro biomechanical properties of four different configurations of acrylic external skeletal fixator constructs.

Materials And Methods: Simulated bone constructs were prepared using two segments of 20 mm ultra-high-density polyethylene rods with a gap of 5 mm. The full pins (1.

Comparative evaluation of in vitro mechanical properties of different designs of epoxy-pin external skeletal fixation systems.

Objectives: To compare in vitro biomechanical properties of different designs of epoxy-pin external skeletal fixator (ESF) constructs.

Study Design: Mechanical testing study.

Sample Population: Four epoxy-pin ESF design constructs (uniplanar [EU], multiplanar-I [EM-I], multiplanar-II [EM-II], and circular [EC]) were mechanically tested in compression, bending, and torsion.

Effect of IGF-1 and Uncultured Autologous Bone-Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cells on Repair of Osteochondral Defect in Rabbits.

Objective: To investigate the utility of bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMNCs) and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in articular cartilage repair.

Design: An osteochondral defect of 3 mm diameter and 5 mm depth was created in patellar groove of the left knee joint in each of 36 New Zealand White rabbits. The defect was filled with RPMI-1640 medium in group A (control), autologous BMNCs in group B, and autologous BMNCs plus IGF-1 in group C (n = 12).

An in vitro biomechanical investigation of an interlocking nail system developed for buffalo tibia.

Objective: The objectives of the study were to determine the mechanical properties of a customized buffalo interlocking nail (BIN), intact buffalo tibia, and ostectomized tibia stabilized with BIN in different configurations, as well as to assess the convenience of interlocking nailing in buffalo tibia.

Materials And Methods: The BIN (316L stainless steel, 12 mm diameter, 250 mm long, nine-hole solid nails with 10° proximal bend) alone was loaded in compression and three-point bending (n=4 each); intact tibiae and ostectomized tibiae (of buffaloes aged 5-8 years, weighing 300-350 kg) stabilized with BIN using 4.9 mm standard or modified locking bolts (4 or 8) in different configurations were subjected to axial compression, cranio-caudal three-point bending and torsion (n=4 each) using a universal testing machine.

Clinicophysiological and haemodynamic effects of fentanyl with xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine in isoflurane-anaesthetised water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).

The present study was undertaken to investigate the sedative, analgesic and clinical effects of xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine with fentanyl as pre-anaesthetics in water buffaloes and to compare the dose-sparing effect of xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine on thiopental for induction and isoflurane for maintenance of anaesthesia in water buffaloes. Six male water buffaloes randomly received intravenous fentanyl (5.0 µg/kg body weight) and xylazine (0.

Comparison of autogenic and allogenic bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells for repair of segmental bone defects in rabbits.

Autogenic and allogenic bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were compared for repair of bone gap defect in rabbits. BM-MSCs were isolated from bone marrow aspirates and cultured in vitro for allogenic and autogenic transplantation. A 5mm segmental defect was created in mid-diaphysis of the radius bone.

Comparative evaluation of halothane anaesthesia in medetomidine-butorphanol and midazolam-butorphanol premedicated water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).

Six clinically healthy male water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) 2-3 years of age and weighing 290-325 kg were used for 2 different treatments (H1 and H2). The animals of group H1 were premedicated with medetomidine (2.5 g/kg,i.

Management of tibial fractures using a circular external fixator in two calves.

Objectives: To report the repair of tibial diaphyseal fractures in 2 calves using a circular external skeletal fixator (CEF).

Study Design: Clinical report.

Animals: Crossbred calves (n=2; age: 6 months; weight: 55 and 60 kg).

Evaluation of autologous bone marrow-derived nucleated cells for healing of full-thickness skin wounds in rabbits.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of autologous bone marrow-derived nucleated cells to enhance the rate of healing of full-thickness excisional skin wounds in rabbits. The study was conducted on 20 New Zealand white rabbits of either sex. Two, 2 x 2 cm full-thickness skin (thoracolumabar region) excisional wounds were created; one on each side of the dorsal midline in each animal.

Autologous bone marrow-derived cells for healing excisional dermal wounds of rabbits.

The wound-healing potential of autologous bone marrow-derived nucleated cells was evaluated in full-thickness skin wounds in the thoracolumbar region of 20 clinically healthy rabbits. Three wounds of 2 x 2 cm, one on the left side and two right of the midline, were created on the dorsal lumbar region of each rabbit under xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia. The wounds of each animal were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: injection of autologous bone marrow-derived cells into wound margins (BI), topical application of bone marrow-derived cells over the wound surface (BT) or 5 per cent povidone iodine solution (PI) (control).

Determinants of bone mass, density and growth in growing dogs with normal and osteopenic bones.

Survey radiographs of all the growing dogs aged up to 6 months, which were presented to the IVRI polyclinics during the 10 year period were screened to study the determinants of bone mass, density and growth. On the basis of clinical history and radiographic evaluation of long bones, the cases were categorizes as normal or osteopenic. The relative cortical density (RCD), cortical index (CI), diameter of bone at the distal metaphysis (DDFM) and the width of the growth plate (WFGP) were determined by taking the femur as a model bone in German shepherd, Doberman and Spitz breeds of dogs at different age groups.

Effect of bupivacaine on epidural analgesia produced by xylazine or medetomidine in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effect of epidural bupivacaine on analgesia produced by epidural xylazine or medetomidine in buffaloes.

Study Design: Prospective, blinded study.

Animals: Ten male buffalo calves (6-8 months of age; body weight 70-90 kg) were used on two occasions to conduct a total of 20 investigations.

Effects of Nandrolone and TGF-beta1 in growing rabbits with osteopenia induced by over-supplementation of calcium and vitamin D3.

The study was undertaken to find out the effects of over supplementation of dietary calcium and vitamin D3 on the mineralization of growing skeleton, taking rabbit as an animal model; further to study the effects of Nandrolone deconoate and TGF-beta1 on the mineralization of osteopenic bones. Twenty four New Zealand White rabbits of either sex, 60 day old, were randomly divided in 4 equal groups, A, B, C and D. The animals of groups B, C and D were administered with oral supplementation of calcium (2000 mg/kg of standard rabbit feed) and vit-D3 (1000 IU/kg of standard feed) for 60 days.