A monoclonal antibody against human kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: preparation, immunochemical, and immunohistochemical characterization.

To perform immunohistochemical study of the distribution of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in human organs, a highly specific antibody against the human enzyme is required. We prepared monoclonal antibody against gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from human kidney, using the hybridoma technique. The antibody was of the IgG1 type and the light chain belonged to the kappa class.

Direct observation of immunoreactive sites and antibody molecules by ultrahigh-resolution scanning electron microscope.

Using an ultrahigh-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM), an attempt was made to directly visualize antibody molecules at antigenic sites in rat pancreas or on silicone plates. Although individual antibody molecules could not be discerned, a fluffy meshwork, probably indicating several molecules, was seen. With further improvements in specimen preparation, the high-resolution SEM promises to be an important tool in examining individual antibody-antigen sites without the need of an electron-dense label such as colloidal gold.

Active oxygen species generated by monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells in Crohn's disease.

Chemiluminescence (CL) analysis of monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) was performed on 13 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 10 healthy volunteers. The percentages of monocyte populations in mononuclear cells obtained from the patients with CD were greater than those from the healthy volunteers, but the numbers of PMNs were not different between the two groups. The peak level of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced CL activity generated by diluted whole blood from the patients with CD was more significantly elevated than that from the healthy volunteers, whereas the peak levels of opsonized zymosan-induced CL activity did not differ between the two groups.

T lymphocyte subpopulations and immunoglobulin-containing cells in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis; a morphometric and immunohistochemical study.

T lymphocyte subpopulations and immunoglobulin containing cells in the colonic mucosa of 25 patients with ulcerative colitis have been studied using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. In ulcerative colitis a marked increase in the population of Leu 3a positive cells (helper/inducer T cells) and IgG containing cells was observed in the mucosal lamina propria. In the intraepithelial spaces, a remarkable decrease in the population of Leu 2a positive cells (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) and a marked increase in the number of Leu 3a positive cells were revealed.

Alteration of T cell maturation and proliferation in the mouse thymus induced by serum factors from patients with ulcerative colitis.

Recently it has been reported that patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) often have thymus abnormalities, although the precise mechanisms which induce those abnormalities remain unclear. We have examined the effect of serum fractions from patients with UC and other colonic diseases on mouse thymus to clarify the possible existence of factors which have thymus growth activity. These fractions were separated from sera of patients with UC by gel filtration and anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography.

Contradictory responses in induction of delayed type hypersensitivity in orally immunized mice.

Induction of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice fed with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and live Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) both forcedly and ad lib was comparatively investigated. Although suppression of DTH to SRBC or V.

Significance of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) as a marker of hepatic centrilobular injury: a biochemical and immunohistochemical study.

Since we demonstrated previously that alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is distributed predominantly in zone 3 of the hepatic acinus, we have investigated the usefulness of determinations of serum ADH activity in the assessment of hepatic injuries. The measurement of serum ADH activity appears to be useful for the detection of acute and early centrilobular hepatic damage, as deduced from the results obtained from experimental hepatic injuries produced by bromobenzene, hypoxia and acute administration of ethanol. Whereas serum ADH activity increased slightly after the generation of an acute ethanol load in rats which were given ethanol chronically, the hepatic content of ADH tended to decrease.

Microangiographic findings of massive intestinal bleeding in a patient with Crohn's disease: a case report.

A 16 year old man with complaints of abdominal pain, diarrhea, high fever and loss of body weight was made a diagnosis of Crohn's disease. During the administration, he had intestinal obstruction and several episodes of massive intestinal bleeding. Selective angiography of the superior mesenteric artery demonstrated the bleeding site in the ileum.

Demonstration and characterization of immunosuppressive factors in sera from patients with Crohn's disease.

The effect of sera from 17 patients with Crohn's disease, 8 with ulcerative colitis or 5 with intestinal tuberculosis on the proliferative response of mouse spleen cells induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was studied. Sera from patients with Crohn's disease markedly suppressed the blastogenesis of mouse spleen cells (S.I.

Mechanisms of in vivo generation of cytotoxic activity against syngeneic tumours. I. Local differentiation of mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the rejection of tumours.

Mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were detected in the peritoneal cavity of syngeneic mice immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) with mitomycin C (MC)-treated EL-4 or X5563 cells, but were not found in their spleens or lymph nodes.

Carcinogenicity in rats of ptaquiloside isolated from bracken.

The nature of the carcinogen present in bracken fern has not yet been elucidated. Very recently, we succeeded in isolating ptaquiloside, a novel norsesquiterpene glucoside of the illudane type, from bracken. Ptaquiloside was shown to be a carcinogenic principle of bracken fern.

Induction of impaired activation of lymphocytes by suppressive factor in Crohn's disease patients.

Lymphocyte proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and relevance of serum factors to the response were studied in 12 patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The lymphocyte proliferative response was markedly reduced in patients with Crohn's disease (S.I.

Hyperplastic nodules of the liver induced in rats fed bracken diet.

Hyperplastic nodules (HN) of the liver were induced in Charles River Sprague-Dawley rats (CD rats) and ACI rats fed a diet containing 30% bracken for 260 and 180 days, respectively. HN were also induced in high incidence in CD rats fed a diet containing the carcinogenic fractions of bracken extract.

Characterization of thymus cells in hyperplastic thymuses in patients with myasthenia gravis and ulcerative colitis with monoclonal antibodies.

Recently, increasing attention has been paid to thymic relevance to pathogenesis in some autoimmune diseases. In this report, the thymus cells from 7 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and 6 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), who had undergone thymectomy for complication of thymic hyperplasia, were studied. The thymus cells were characterized with monoclonal antibodies (Anti-Leu-2a and Anti-Leu-3a) which define human T-cell surface antigens.

Circulating antibodies to the surface antigens on colon epithelial cells in ulcerative colitis.

The fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) was used for detecting circulating antibodies to the surface antigens on isolated colon epithelial cells (anti-colon antibodies) by indirect immunofluorescence. Anti-colon antibodies were found in the serum of 30 of 41 (73%) patients with ulcerative colitis. This incidence is much higher than one established in earlier reports by application of indirect immunofluorescence to colon tissue using the fluorescence microscope.

Carcinogenic activity of Farfugium japonicum and Senecio cannabifolius.

The carcinogenicity of Farfugium japonicum and Senecio cannabifolius was studied in ACI rats. In Group I, rats were given a diet containing 20% Farfugium japonicum. Groups II, III, IV and V were given diets containing 8%, 4%, 1% and 0.

Enhancing effect of dextran sulfate sodium on colorectal carcinogenesis by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats.

Four groups were used, each consisting of 24 male ACI rats. Group I received a single subcutaneous injection of 20 mg 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)/kg body weight and was fed on basal diet until the termination of the experiment. Group II received the same single injection as in group I and then, starting one week later, was fed the diet containing 1% dextran sulfate sodium (DS-M-1).

Induction of mammary cancer in CD rats fed bracken diet.

Fifteen male and 15 female Charles River Sprague-Dawley rats (CD rats) of 6 weeks old were given a diet containing 30% bracken fronds throughout the experimental period of 260 days. Male rats fed bracken diet developed multiple ileal tumors and urinary bladder tumors with incidences of 100% and 60%, respectively. Female rats developed multiple mammary tumors with an incidence of 87% in addition to ileal and urinary bladder tumors.

Regulation of lymphocyte responses in cancer patients. I. Study of cell-surface gangliosides by cholera toxin and their induction of impaired activation.

The gangliosides compose a major portion of the surface membrane structure of the lymphocytes and their expression may relate with functional properties of different lymphocyte subpopulations. In the present study, the binding of the ganglioside GM1 to the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and their effects on the lymphocyte function were examined. Cholera toxin (CT) was used as an indicator for detection of GM1 on the cell surface.

Characterization of immunoregulatory T cells and lymphocytophilic antibodies in ulcerative colitis: analysis with monoclonal antibodies.

Using monoclonal antibodies to the surface antigens or suppressor/cytotoxic (Anti-Leu-2a) and helper/inducer (Anti-Leu-3a) T cell subsets, we characterized peripheral lymphocytes in 27 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 15 age-matched healthy controls by a fluorescence activated cell sorter. The patients with active UC had a reduced percentage (8.2 +/- 3.

[Effect of PSK on tumor-specific immunity induced by MMC-treated syngeneic tumor cells].

Immunization with MMC-treated EL-4 tumor cells could raise cytotoxic activity of non-adherent PE cells and resistance against rechallenge with small or medium doses of viable tumor cells. Administration of PSK augmented the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes and the induction of resistance against rechallenge in mice immunized with such MMC-treated tumor cells. Augmented generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes may be ascribed to systemic effects of PSK but not to local effects in the peritoneal cavity, since augmenting effects of PSK were observed not only after intraperitoneal administration but also after oral administration.

Anti-colon antibody and lymphocytophilic antibody in ulcerative colitis.

The presence of anti-colon antibody in the sera from patients with ulcerative colitis was demonstrated by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay. In addition, the high prevalence of lymphocytophilic antibody in the sera from patients with ulcerative colitis was obtained by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. This lymphocytophilic antibody was absorbed by rat colon epithelial cells.