Magnesium-antimony liquid metal battery for stationary energy storage.

Batteries are an attractive option for grid-scale energy storage applications because of their small footprint and flexible siting. A high-temperature (700 °C) magnesium-antimony (Mg||Sb) liquid metal battery comprising a negative electrode of Mg, a molten salt electrolyte (MgCl(2)-KCl-NaCl), and a positive electrode of Sb is proposed and characterized. Because of the immiscibility of the contiguous salt and metal phases, they stratify by density into three distinct layers.

Impact of porous electrode properties on the electrochemical transfer coefficient.

The rate of an activation-controlled electrochemical reaction is determined by two key parameters, the exchange current density, io, and the transfer coefficient, alpha, which is inversely related to the Tafel slope. Assuming that the symmetry factor, beta, is 0.5, the minimum alpha value should be 0.