Fat free mass is positively associated with hunger and energy intake at extremes of obesity.

Fat mass (FM) has been shown to be negatively associated with energy intake (EI) in lean individuals but in overweight and Class I obese individuals this relationship is poorly understood. Fat free mass (FFM) is positively associated with EI in lean, overweight and Class I obese individuals. To date, the relationships between FFM, FM, hunger and EI have not been investigated in patients with a body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m.

Effect of Macronutrient Type and Gastrointestinal Release Site on PYY Response in Normal Healthy Subjects.

Background And Aims: Enteroendocrine L cells release satiety inducing hormones in response to stimulation by luminal macronutrients. We sought to profile the differential effect of macronutrient type and site of release on circulating concentrations of the L cell-derived enteroendocrine hormone peptide tyrosine tyrosine (amino acids 1 to 36) (PYY).

Materials And Methods: Eight healthy volunteers were recruited to a randomized, double-blinded, six-way crossover study.

Iron and Vitamin D/Calcium Deficiency after Gastric Bypass: Mechanisms Involved and Strategies to Improve Oral Supplement Disposition.

Background: Nutritional deficiencies are common following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). Aetiology is diverse; including non-compliance, altered diet, unresolved preoperative deficiency and differential degrees of post-operative malabsorption occurring as function of length of bypassed intestine. Iron and calcium/vitamin D deficiency occur in up to 50% of patients following RYGB.

Current and emerging pharmacotherapy for prediabetes: are we moving forward?

Introduction: Prediabetes is a state wherein blood glucose levels are above normal but below the diagnostic threshold for diabetes. Seventy percent of patients with prediabetes develop type 2 diabetes in their lifetime. Despite this, prediabetes frequently goes undiagnosed.