Gestational diabetes, type II diabetes, and mammographic breast density in a U.S. racially diverse population screened for breast cancer.

Purpose: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has consistently been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, but the association of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with breast cancer is less clear. T2DM and GDM may influence breast cancer risk through mammographic breast density, a strong risk factor for breast cancer. We examined whether T2DM and GDM are associated with higher mammographic breast density in a largely racial/ethnic minority sample.

Biomechanical Factors Associated With Pain and Symptoms Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction.

Background: Few studies have investigated the associations between patient-reported outcome and gait in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction over time. Because there is an association between ACL rupture and the presence of osteoarthritis later in life, a better understanding of these relationships will help to elucidate how patients' gait pattern may affect pain and symptoms, potentially leading to better treatment for or preventing the development of knee OA.

Objective: To evaluate the associations between gait characteristics and self-reported pain and symptoms before, 6 months after, and 1 year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.