Researchers synthesized dyes (MB1-MB5) through Knoevenagel condensation using different chemical precursors and characterized them with various analytical techniques like FT-IR and NMR for structural insights.
Spectroscopic analyses showed that MB2, MB3, and MB4 had unique properties such as solid-state and aggregation-induced emission, while some dyes (MB1, MB3, MB4) were sensitive to viscosity changes in polar solvents.
The study highlighted the dyes' acidochromism, solvatochromism, and excellent non-linear optical properties, especially MB1 and MB5, suggesting their potential applications in photonics, bioimaging, and sensor technologies.