Relationship between total vitamin D metabolites and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.

In our previous study, it was shown that endogenous vitamin D and its metabolites are associated with diabetic microvascular complications and cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the present study was to determine if the relationship between total vitamin D (vitamin D supplements plus endogenous vitamin D) was a better predictor of complications in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A total of 460 patients with T2DM participated in the present cross-sectional study.

Vitamin D metabolite ratio as an indicator of vitamin D status and its association with diabetes complications.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is diagnosed by total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and is associated with poor health and increased mortality; however, some populations have low 25(OH) D concentrations without manifestations of vitamin D deficiency. The Vitamin D Metabolite Ratio (VMR) has been suggested as a superior indicator of vitamin D status. Therefore, VMR was determined in a population with type 2 diabetes at high risk for vitamin D deficiency and correlated with diabetic complications.

Association of vitamin D and its metabolites in patients with and without type 2 diabetes and their relationship to diabetes complications.

Background: Epidemiological studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and is related to diabetes complications. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between diabetes complications and cardiovascular risk factors with vitamin D and its metabolites: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)D); and 25-hydroxy-3epi-vitamin D (3epi25(OH)D).

Methods: 750 Qatari subjects, 460 (61.

Association of vitamin D and D with type 2 diabetes complications.

Aims: Vitamin D measurement is a composite of vitamin D (25(OH)D) and D (25(OH)D) levels, and its deficiency is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and diabetic complications; vitamin D deficiency may be treated with vitamin D supplements. This study was undertaken to determine if vitamin D and D levels differed between those with and without T2DM in this Middle Eastern population, and the relationship between diabetic microvascular complications and vitamin D and vitamin D levels in subjects with T2DM METHODS: Four hundred ninety-six Qatari subjects, 274 with and 222 without T2DM participated in the study. Plasma levels of total vitamin D and D were measured by LC-MS/MS analysis.

Association of Differing Qatari Genotypes with Vitamin D Metabolites.

Objective: Genetic studies have identified four Qatari genotypes: Q1 Arab, Bedouin; Q2 Asian/Persian; Q3 African; and a fourth admixed group not fitting into the previous 3 groups. This study was undertaken to determine if there was an increased risk of deficiency of vitamin D and its metabolites associated with differing genotypes, perhaps due to genetic differences in skin pigmentation.

Methods: 398 Qatari subjects (220 type 2 diabetes and 178 controls) had their genotype determined by Affymetrix 500 k SNP arrays.

An overview of the spiritual importances of end-of-life care among the five major faiths of the United Kingdom.

For many who pertain to particular theological paradigms, their faith cannot be compartmentalised, but is mobilised to inform all aspects of their being, most notably their ethical and moral persuasions. As clinicians, the concept that there are good and bad deaths is already known; understanding the origin and depth of non-physical suffering, and aiming to alleviate it is not possible without learning the individual experiences and beliefs that go with it. Spiritual care forms a fundamental consideration in the endeavor to address the holistic experience of those patients receiving palliative care.

Documenting the process of patient decision making: a review of the development of the law on consent.

The doctor's role involves helping patients to understand their condition, including the anticipated benefits and risks of proposed treatments or omissions to treat. In order to treat, doctors require consent from patients but the duty to advise is equally strong if conservative management is appropriate. The recent judgement in the case of has set a precedent for patient autonomy.