Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of CTX-M Type B-Lactamases in Gram Negative Bacterial Strains Isolated from Hospitals, Lahore, Pakistan.

One of the principal mechanisms that contribute resistance to antibiotics is the production of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) in Gram negative bacteria. In the present study, molecular methods were used to evaluate the prevalence of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding CTX-M gene among Gram negative bacterial strains. In total, 148 clinical samples were collected from different tertiary care hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan.

Medicinal Perspective of Antibacterial Bioactive Agents in Earthworms (Clitellata, Annelida): A Comprehensive Review.

Humoral practice is a fundamental natural biological phenomenon in earthworm defensive system which protects them from infectious bacteria and irritating agents by different mechanisms. The defensive system of earthworms is highly complicated because they lack antibodies in their blood circulatory system but their body extracts and coelomic fluid comprise of different bioactive agents (i.e.

Honey Potential as Antibiofilm, Antiquorum Sensing and Dispersal Agent against Multispecies Bacterial Biofilm.

This study is first to test Pakistani honey bees, Apis dorsata and A. cerana honey samples as anti biofilm, anti quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm dispersal agents honey against multispecies biofilm of bacteria (obtained from obese patients). Briefly, five previously identified isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Morganella morganii and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MT448672-MT448676) were selected.