Proteomic Analysis of Rap1A GTPase Signaling-Deficient C57BL/6 Mouse Pancreas and Functional Studies Identify an Essential Role of Rap1A in Pancreas Physiology.

Ras-related Rap1A GTPase is implicated in pancreas β-cell insulin secretion and is stimulated by the cAMP sensor Epac2, a guanine exchange factor and activator of Rap1 GTPase. In this study, we examined the differential proteomic profiles of pancreata from C57BL/6 Rap1A-deficient (Null) and control wild-type (WT) mice with nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS to assess targets of Rap1A potentially involved in insulin regulation. We identified 77 overlapping identifier proteins in both groups, with 8 distinct identifier proteins in Null versus 56 distinct identifier proteins in WT mice pancreata.

Inhibiting Intracellular α-Adrenoceptor Surface Translocation Using Decoy Peptides: Identification of an Essential Role of the C-Terminus in Receptor Trafficking.

The G protein-coupled α-adrenoceptor subtype C (abbreviated α-AR) has been implicated in peripheral vascular conditions and diseases such as cold feet-hands, Raynaud's phenomenon, and scleroderma, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Microvascular α-adrenoceptors are expressed in specialized smooth muscle cells and mediate constriction under physiological conditions and the occlusion of blood supply involving vasospastic episodes and tissue damage under pathological conditions. A crucial step for receptor biological activity is the cell surface trafficking of intracellular receptors, triggered by cAMP-Epac-Rap1A GTPase signaling, which involves protein-protein association with the actin-binding protein filamin-2, mediated by critical amino acid residues in the last 14 amino acids of the receptor carboxyl (C)-terminus.

Ocular morbidity and co-morbidities in children attending a nodal district early intervention center in Uttar Pradesh.

Purpose: To obtain epidemiological data on children with ocular morbidity attending a nodal district early intervention center (DEIC).

Methods: : After parental consent, we recruited children with ocular morbidity. After detailed history and clinical evaluation, along with pediatric consultation and relevant neuro-radiological and ancillary investigation, information was entered in a pretested proforma: especially looking for perinatal morbidity, including developmental delay (DD).

Economizing strabismus surgery: Using half the double-armed suture for horizontal muscles.

In a developing country like India, both availability and affordability of medical care are obstacles, leading to delay in seeking timely treatment. To reduce the cost incurred to the patients for strabismus surgery, we used half of a 6-0 polyglactin suture for performing common muscle weakening and strengthening procedures: a fixed and hang back recessions with plication and resection. We cut the 45-cm-long double-armed 6-0 polyglactin sutures in two halves, and with a modified approach, used one-half in each of two patients planned for monocular two horizontal muscles surgeries: fixed recession-plication and hang back recession-resection.

Single-snip paralimbal incision: A quick approach to rectus muscles.

Introduction: Less invasive and quicker surgeries have become common. We compared two conjunctival incisional approaches in strabismus, namely Follow standard paralimbal approach for (SPLA) and single-snip paralimbal (SSPLA).

Materials And Methods: Forty-four patients with horizontal strabismus qualifying for uniocular recession-resection surgeries were randomized to SPLA and SSPLA.

Saving space: Comparing mini - logMAR with standard logMAR visual acuity.

Purpose: Assessing visual acuity (VA) is the cornerstone of an ophthalmic workup and needs VA charts in a four or six meters space. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of distant VA (DVA) on one meter mini-logMAR (MLM) with a standard six meter logMAR (SLM) chart.

Methods: We developed a MLM chart to be used at 1 m with +1.