Psychosocial determinants of leisure-time physical activity among adults in omdurman city, Sudan: Reasoned Action Approach.

Objectives: The level of physical activity among adult in Sudan is low. The purpose of this study used the Reasoned Action Approach to investigate the psychosocial determinants of Leisure-Time Physical Activity Behaviour (LTPA) of Sudanese adults.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study design among adults in Omdurman city in Sudan.

Out-of-pocket payments by end-stage kidney disease patients on regular hemodialysis: Cost of illness analysis, experience from Sudan.

Introduction: In Sudan, the number of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) is growing. Patients and their families incur a high out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE), given that HD treatment is expensive. There are limited data about OOP spending on HD in the country.