Toposelective vapor deposition of hybrid and inorganic materials inside nanocavities by polymeric templating and vapor phase infiltration.

Selective deposition of hybrid and inorganic materials inside nanostructures could enable major nanotechnological advances. However, inserting ready-made composites inside nanocavities may be difficult, and therefore, stepwise approaches are needed. In this paper, a poly(ethyl acrylate) template is grown selectively inside cavities condensation-controlled toposelective vapor deposition, and the polymer is then hybridized by alumina, titania, or zinc oxide.

Initial Studies with C-Vorozole PET Detect Overexpression of Intratumoral Aromatase in Breast Cancer.

Aromatase inhibitors are the mainstay of hormonal therapy in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, although the response rate is just over 50% and in vitro studies suggest that only two thirds of postmenopausal breast tumors overexpress aromatase. The goal of the present study was to validate and optimize PET with C-vorozole for measuring aromatase expression in postmenopausal breast cancer in vivo. Ten newly diagnosed postmenopausal women with biopsy-confirmed breast cancer were administered C-vorozole intravenously, and PET emission data were collected between 40 and 90 min after injection.

Deep Neural Networks Improve Radiologists' Performance in Breast Cancer Screening.

We present a deep convolutional neural network for breast cancer screening exam classification, trained, and evaluated on over 200000 exams (over 1000000 images). Our network achieves an AUC of 0.895 in predicting the presence of cancer in the breast, when tested on the screening population.

Topical anti-inflammatory agents for seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face or scalp.

Background: Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting primarily the skin of the scalp, face, chest, and intertriginous areas, causing scaling and redness of the skin. Current treatment options include antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and keratolytic agents, as well as phototherapy.

Objectives: To assess the effects of topical pharmacological interventions with established anti-inflammatory action for seborrhoeic dermatitis occurring in adolescents and adults.

Effect of ceramic filler content on the mechanical and thermal behaviour of poly-L-lactic acid and poly-L-lactic-co-glycolic acid composites for medical applications.

One main application of resorbable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and poly-L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) based materials is in medical implants. In this study composites were made from PLLA and PLGA with hydroxyapatite (HAp) respective beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) fillers. The filler content and particle size were varied, and the thermal properties as well as the mechanical strength of the composites were investigated.

Distinct progression-associated expression of tumor and stromal MMPs in HaCaT skin SCCs correlates with onset of invasion.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critically involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. However, failure of broad spectrum MMP inhibitors in clinical trials emphasizes the need for detailed analyses of the specific role of different MMPs in tumor malignancy. Using HaCaT-keratinocyte clones representing distinct stages in skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) progression, we demonstrate the expression of specific tumor and stroma-derived MMPs with the onset and maintenance of tumor invasion.

Clustered sensitivity to fungi: anaphylactic reactions caused by ingestive allergy to yeasts.

Background: Respiratory allergy to environmental molds is relatively common, and fungal allergen-specific reactivity seems to cluster in certain persons. However, generalized reactions caused by ingested fungi have seldom been described.

Objective: To describe a mold-sensitized patient who developed multiple anaphylactic reactions after ingesting a yeast preparation widely used by the food industry as flavoring in, for example, powdered and ready-made sauces.

Synthesis and characterization of polyamide of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline used as porogen filler in acrylic bone cement.

The aim of this study was to synthesize on a larger scale, an experimental polyamide based on an amino acid of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline. The polyamide of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline has been used as porogen filler (i.e.

Multicomponent Self-Assembly: Generation of Rigid-Rack Multimetallic Pseudorotaxanes.

The rigid linear ligands 1a-g and the macrocycle 2 undergo self-assembly via coordination with copper(I) ions to generate the series of rigid-rack inorganic pseudorotaxanes 3a-g. These complexes have been characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods. Their architecture has been confirmed by determination of the crystal structures of 3e,f.

Differential stromal regulation of MMP-1 expression in benign and malignant keratinocytes.

There is accumulating evidence of the critical role of tumor stroma in carcinoma development and progression. We have studied the significance of stromal components in regulating matrix metalloproteinases in different stages of human skin carcinogenesis using the HaCaT keratinocyte transformation model. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and matrix metalloproteinase 13 was analyzed in nontumorigenic HaCaT cells and their c-Ha-ras-transformed tumorigenic clones, benign A-5 and malignant A-5RT3, in response to different matrices and cocultured fibroblasts as well as in transplants in nude mice.

The congenital chloride diarrhea gene is expressed in seminal vesicle, sweat gland, inflammatory colon epithelium, and in some dysplastic colon cells.

Congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of intestinal electrolyte transportation caused by mutations in the anion transporter protein encoded by the down-regulated in adenoma (DRA), or CLD, gene. In this study, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed to investigate the expression of CLD in extraintestinal normal epithelia and in intestinal inflammatory and neoplastic epithelia. The expression of the closely related anion transporter diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter, DTDST, was also examined and compared with that of CLD in colon.

Expression of collagenases-1 and -3 and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and -3 correlates with the level of invasion in malignant melanomas.

Since proteolysis of the dermal collagenous matrix and basement membranes is required for local invasive growth and early metastasis formation of cutaneous melanomas, we have analysed the activities/expression levels of certain metalloproteinases in melanomas and cultured melanoma cells by in situ hybridization and Northern analysis. In addition to collagenases-1 and -3 that have been implicated in invasive growth behaviour of various malignant tumours, we analysed the levels of 72-kDa gelatinase and its activators MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 in cultured melanoma cells. The lesions examined included three cases of lentigo maligna and 28 cases of Clark grade I-V melanomas.

Collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-13) expression is induced in oral mucosal epithelium during chronic inflammation.

Increased proliferation of mucosal epithelium during inflammation is associated with degradation of subepithelial connective tissue matrix and local invasion of the epithelial cells. Here we have studied, whether collagenase-3 (MMP-13), a collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinase with an exceptionally wide substrate specificity, is expressed in the epithelium of chronically inflamed mucosa. Examination of human gingival tissue sections from subjects with chronic adult periodontitis with in situ hybridization revealed marked expression of MMP-13 in basal cells of some epithelial rete ridges expanding into connective tissue.

Human TIMP-3 is expressed during fetal development, hair growth cycle, and cancer progression.

We studied the expression and regulation of TIMP-3, a recently cloned member of the tissue inhibitor of the metalloproteinase family, during human fetal development and in various human tissues, with emphasis on epithelial structures. Expression of TIMP-3 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization in developing bone, kidney, and various mesenchymal structures. At 16 weeks of gestation, ectoderm-derived cells of hair germs expressed TIMP-3 mRNA, and beginning from the twentieth week consistent expression was detected in epithelial outer root sheath cells of growing hair follicles.

Activation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) mRNA expression in scleroderma skin fibroblasts.

Excessive accumulation of fibrillar collagens is a hallmark of the cutaneous fibrosis in both systemic and localized scleroderma. Turnover of the collagenous extracellular matrix is dependent on the balance between collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases and their specific inhibitors. We have examined the expression of the novel, matrix associated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) in normal and scleroderma skin fibroblasts in culture and in vivo.

Expression of collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-13) in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the head and neck are malignant tumors with high capacity to invade and metastasize. We have examined expression of the new collagenase, collagenase-3 (MMP-13), in SCCs of the head and neck. MMP-13 mRNAs were detected in 22 of 29 SCC cell lines: in 14 of 15 primary SCC cell lines and in 8 of 14 SCC cell lines from recurrent tumors or metastases.

Human collagenase-3 is expressed in malignant squamous epithelium of the skin.

Co-expression of several members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family is a characteristic of human carcinomas. To investigate the role of the recently cloned collagenase-3 (MMP-13) in epidermal tumors, we studied samples representing malignant (basal and squamous cell carcinoma, Paget's disease), pre-malignant (Bowen's disease, solar keratosis), and benign (keratoacanthoma, seborrheic keratosis, linear epidermal nevus) tumors. Basal cell carcinomas expressed collagenase-3 mRNA in focal areas of keratinized cells, the squamous differentiation of which was confirmed by positive immunostaining for involucrin.

Collagenase-3 (MMP-13) is expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes, periosteal cells, and osteoblasts during human fetal bone development.

Collagenase-3 (MMP-13) is a novel matrix metalloproteinase, the expression of which has so far only been documented in human breast carcinomas and osteoarthritic cartilage. In this study we have examined the expression of MMP-13 during human fetal development. Northern blot hybridizations revealed abundant expression of MMP-13 mRNAs in total RNA from fetal cartilage and calvaria at gestational age of 15 weeks.

Urokinase plasminogen activator is expressed by basal keratinocytes before interstitial collagenase, stromelysin-1, and laminin-5 in experimentally induced dermatitis herpetiformis lesions.

We studied the temporal expression of interstitial collagenase, stromelysin-1 and -2, and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) mRNAs by in situ hybridization in eight patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. To induce blisters, 50% potassium iodide patch tests were performed, and serial biopsy specimens were taken at 4, 12, and 24 h. Additional samples were taken from occasional spontaneous blisters.

Mutations of the Down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) gene cause congenital chloride diarrhoea.

A major transport function of the human intestine involves the absorption of chloride in exchange for bicarbonate. We have studied a recessively inherited defect of this exchange, congenital chloride diarrhoea (CLD; MIM 214700). The clinical presentation of CLD is a lifetime, potentially fatal diarrhoea with a high chloride content.

Enhanced expression of matrilysin, collagenase, and stromelysin-1 in gastrointestinal ulcers.

Programmed expression of several matrix metalloproteinases is an important feature of cutaneous wound healing. To study whether this also applies to gastrointestinal ulcer healing, we used in situ hybridization with 35S-labeled probes to localize sites of collagenase, stromelysin-1, and matrilysin expression in 26 samples representing peptic ulcers, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. In contrast to skin wounds, collagenase mRNA was not detected in the surface epithelium bordering gastrointestinal ulcer areas.

Enhanced expression of interstitial collagenase, stromelysin-1, and urokinase plasminogen activator in lesions of dermatitis herpetiformis.

Because dermatitis herpetiformis is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation and destructive changes in the basement membrane zone, we studied the in situ expression of interstitial collagenase and stromelysin-1 in 11 lesions. A prominent signal for collagenase mRNA was consistently detected in the basal keratinocytes of rete ridges surrounding the neutrophilic abscesses in 10 of 11 lesions, and the expression was independent of the age of the lesion and the migratory state of the basal keratinocytes. Expression of stromelysin-1 was detected in seven of 11 lesions and co-localized with collagenase.