Placental damage comparison between preeclampsia with COVID-19, COVID-19, and preeclampsia: analysis of caspase-3, caspase-1, and TNF-alpha expression.

Background: Some studies have reported that preeclampsia with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) significantly increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcome until near to three-fold over the normal pregnancy. Preeclampsia pathophysiology in theory, increases the perinatal mortality and morbidity starting from placental injury which is also believed to share the common pathway with COVID-19 infection. Major typical placental injuries for these matters could be apoptotic, necrotic, or pyroptotic.