A Genetic Locus in Associated with Elevated Vancomycin Resistance and Multiple Antibiotic Reduced Susceptibility.

The Gram-negative express multiple antibiotic resistance and cause severe opportunistic infections. Vancomycin is commonly used to treat Gram-positive infections and has also been used to treat infections, even though Gram-negative organisms possess a vancomycin permeability barrier. appeared relatively vancomycin-susceptible and challenge with this drug led to morphological changes indicating cell lysis.

Neural network based integration of assays to assess pathogenic potential.

Limited data significantly hinders our capability of biothreat assessment of novel bacterial strains. Integration of data from additional sources that can provide context about the strain can address this challenge. Datasets from different sources, however, are generated with a specific objective and which makes integration challenging.

Draft Genome Sequence of Kroppenstedtia sanguinis X0209, a Clinical Isolate Recovered from Human Blood.

X0209, a thermoactinomycete, was isolated from the blood of a patient in Sweden. We report on the draft genome sequence obtained with an Illumina MiSeq instrument. The assembled genome totaled 3.

Identification of Three Types of Integrative and Conjugative Elements in Elizabethkingia anophelis Strains Isolated from around the World.

is an emerging global multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen. We assessed the diversity among 13 complete genomes and 23 draft genomes of strains derived from various environmental settings and human infections from different geographic regions around the world from 1950s to the present. Putative integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) were identified in 31/36 (86.

A Real-Time Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection of Species and Differentiation between and .

Nosocomial infections of species can have fatal outcomes if not identified and treated properly. The current diagnostic tools available require culture and isolation, which can extend the reporting time and delay treatment. Using comparative genomics, we developed an efficient multiplex real-time PCR for the simultaneous detection of all known species of , as well as differentiating the two most commonly reported species, and .

The draft genomes of Elizabethkingia anophelis of equine origin are genetically similar to three isolates from human clinical specimens.

We report the isolation and characterization of two Elizabethkingia anophelis strains (OSUVM-1 and OSUVM-2) isolated from sources associated with horses in Oklahoma. Both strains appeared susceptible to fluoroquinolones and demonstrated high MICs to all cell wall active antimicrobials including vancomycin, along with aminoglycosides, fusidic acid, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Typical of the Elizabethkingia, both draft genomes contained multiple copies of β-lactamase genes as well as genes predicted to function in antimicrobial efflux.

Complete Circularized Genome Sequences of Four Strains of , Including Two Novel Strains Isolated from Wild-Caught .

We provide complete circularized genome sequences of two mosquito-derived strains with draft sequences currently in the public domain (R26 and Ag1), and two novel strains derived from a different mosquito species, (AR4-6 and AR6-8). The genetic similarity of all four mosquito-derived strains is remarkable.

Twelve Complete Reference Genomes of Clinical Isolates in the Genus.

We report here 1 near-complete genome sequence and 12 complete genome sequences for clinical isolates. Total read coverages ranged from 211× to 737×, and genome sizes ranged from 2.41 Mb to 3.

Revisiting the taxonomy of the genus Elizabethkingia using whole-genome sequencing, optical mapping, and MALDI-TOF, along with proposal of three novel Elizabethkingia species: Elizabethkingia bruuniana sp. nov., Elizabethkingia ursingii sp. nov., and Elizabethkingia occulta sp. nov.

The genus Elizabethkingia is genetically heterogeneous, and the phenotypic similarities between recognized species pose challenges in correct identification of clinically derived isolates. In addition to the type species Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, and more recently proposed Elizabethkingia miricola, Elizabethkingia anophelis and Elizabethkingia endophytica, four genomospecies have long been recognized. By comparing historic DNA-DNA hybridization results with whole genome sequences, optical maps, and MALDI-TOF mass spectra on a large and diverse set of strains, we propose a comprehensive taxonomic revision of this genus.

Evolutionary dynamics and genomic features of the Elizabethkingia anophelis 2015 to 2016 Wisconsin outbreak strain.

An atypically large outbreak of Elizabethkingia anophelis infections occurred in Wisconsin. Here we show that it was caused by a single strain with thirteen characteristic genomic regions. Strikingly, the outbreak isolates show an accelerated evolutionary rate and an atypical mutational spectrum.

Complete Genome Sequences of Four Strains from the 2015-2016 Elizabethkingia anophelis Outbreak.

The complete circularized genome sequences of selected specimens from the largest known Elizabethkingia anophelis outbreak to date are described here. Genomic rearrangements observed among the outbreak strains are discussed.

Draft Genome Sequences of Strains Representing Each of the Elizabethkingia Genomospecies Previously Determined by DNA-DNA Hybridization.

Draft genome sequences of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica and representatives of each of its four historically described genomospecies were sequenced here. Preliminary analysis suggests that Elizabethkingia miricola belongs to genomospecies 2, and both Elizabethkingia anophelis and Elizabethkingia endophytica are most similar to genomospecies 1.

Genome Sequences of Oblitimonas alkaliphila gen. nov. sp. nov. (Proposed), a Novel Bacterium of the Pseudomonadaceae Family.

Results obtained through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic testing of eight related, but unidentified, isolates located in a historical collection at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggested that these isolates belong to a novel genera of bacteria. The genomes of the bacteria, to be named Oblitimonas alkaphilia gen. nov.

Complete Genome Sequences for Two Strains of a Novel Fastidious, Partially Acid-Fast, Gram-Positive Corynebacterineae Bacterium, Derived from Human Clinical Samples.

Here we report the complete genome sequences of two strains of the novel fastidious, partially acid-fast, Gram-positive bacillus "Lawsonella clevelandensis" (proposed). Their clinical relevance and unusual growth characteristics make them intriguing candidates for whole-genome sequencing.

Complete Genome Sequence of Strain H5989 of a Novel Devosia Species.

The CDC Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory (SBRL) collection of human clinical pathogens contains several strains from the genus Devosia, usually found environmentally. We provide here the complete genome of strain H5989, which was isolated from a human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen and represents a putative novel species in the genus Devosia.

Nocardia amikacinitolerans sp. nov., an amikacin-resistant human pathogen.

Five nocardioform isolates from human clinical sources were evaluated. Analysis of the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene showed 99.9-100 % similarity among the strains.

Reevaluation of the taxonomic status of recently described species of Enterococcus: evidence that E. thailandicus is a senior subjective synonym of "E. sanguinicola" and confirmation of E. caccae as a species distinct from E. silesiacus.

Several of the more recently proposed new species of Enterococcus are nearly identical based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and phenotypic traits. In the present study, DNA-DNA reassociation experiments, in conjunction with sequencing of the 16S rRNA and rpoB genes, provided evidence that "Enterococcus sanguinicola" and Enterococcus thailandicus actually represent the same species. In contrast, Enterococcus caccae and Enterococcus silesiacus, two other species with nearly identical 16S rRNA gene sequences, were confirmed to be separate species.

Emergence of resistance among USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates causing invasive disease in the United States.

USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates are usually resistant only to oxacillin, erythromycin, and, increasingly, levofloxacin. Of these, oxacillin and levofloxacin resistances are chromosomally encoded. Plasmid-mediated clindamycin, mupirocin, and/or tetracycline resistance has been observed among USA300 isolates, but these descriptions were limited to specific patient populations or isolated occurrences.

Scardovia wiggsiae sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity and clinical material, and emended descriptions of the genus Scardovia and Scardovia inopinata.

Six strains of anaerobic, pleomorphic Gram-positive bacilli, isolated from the human oral cavity and an infected arm wound, were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genotypic tests and were found to comprise a homogeneous group. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolates were most closely related to Scardovia inopinata CCUG 35729(T) (94.8-94.

Microarray identification of Clostridium difficile core components and divergent regions associated with host origin.

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming enteric anaerobe which can infect humans and a wide variety of animal species. Recently, the incidence and severity of human C. difficile infection has markedly increased.

Complete restriction of fluoroquinolone use to control an outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection at a community hospital.

Objective: To review the effect of interventions, including a complete restriction in the use of fluoroquinolones (FQs), used to control an outbreak of hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection (HO-CDI) caused primarily by the epidemic North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1 strain.

Design: Retrospective cohort and case-control study of all episodes of HO-CDI both before and after 2 interventions.

Setting: Community hospital; January 1, 2005, through March 31, 2007.