Prevalence and knowledge of modifiable cardiovascular diseases risk factors among vulnerable population in Central Tanzania.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the global public health problem which has been associated with increasing prevalence of modifiable CVDs risk factors. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and knowledge of modifiable CVDs risk factors among vulnerable population of Central Tanzania.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed.

Effect of community-based lifestyle education intervention to reduce cardiovascular diseases risk factors among vulnerable population in Dodoma city, Tanzania: a cluster randomized controlled trial study protocol.

Tanzania is experiencing the rise of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and associated risk factors including hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus. Health education and healthy lifestyle promotion is an effective approach toward primary prevention of the risk factors and can be achieved through community-based intervention. The objective of this protocol is to test the effectiveness of community-based lifestyle education intervention in reducing CVDs risk factors among vulnerable population in Dodoma City.

Men in maternal health: an analysis of men's views and knowledge on, and challenges to, involvement in antenatal care services in a Tanzanian community in Dodoma Region.

Promoting men's involvement in antenatal care (ANC) requires an understanding of their views on how they ought to be involved. Their involvement in ANC services can help in reducing delay in deciding to seek care and facilitate women's access to skilled antenatal services. This study sought to determine men's views and knowledge on, and challenges to, involvement in ANC services in Tanzania.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Diarrhoea among Children between 6 and 59 Months of Age in Mwanza City Tanzania.

Background: Childhood diarrhoea is a global public health problem especially in unplanned settlements of low- and middle-income countries. Different studies have associated household settlement and childhood diarrhoea, but the prevalence and risk factors associated with childhood diarrhoea at the community level are not clearly known.

Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with diarrhoea in among 480 children between 6 and 59 months of age in Mwanza city from June to August 2016.

Prevalence and Correlates of Intestinal Parasites among Patients Admitted to Mirembe National Mental Health Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania.

Background: Neglected tropical diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Psychiatric patients are among groups at risk for parasitic infection although control and monitoring programs largely overlook this population. This study aimed at determining prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among patients admitted to a psychiatric facility.

Single right coronary artery with hypoplastic left coronary artery represented by only descending septal branch from the right sinus of Valsalva.

A case is presented with combined anomalies of coronary arteries: single dominant right coronary artery, ectopic origin of hypoplastic left coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva, anomalous interseptal course of the latter artery, absence of typical left descending and circumflex arteries from the left coronary artery and presence of myocardial bridging.

The male circumcision: the oldest ancient procedure, its past, present and future roles.

Circumcision, a surgical removal of male prepuce has existed throughout human history, and it appears it shall exist until humanity ends. During its entire existence, there have been changing reasons or indications from cultural, traditional, religious and currently medical, and it has vehemently been criticized by some individuals for different reasons and in different countries. Emergency of new diseases particularly Human Immunodeficient virus (HIV) has brought the ancient procedure back on spot light, this has come as a result of recent studies which have demonstrated that it does not only reduces significantly the rate of HIV infection, as well as penile cancer and cervical cancer.

Morpho-physiological features associated with menopause: recent knowledge and areas for future work.

Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from loss of ovarian follicular activity which happens as a result of depletion of primary follicles which is basically an aging effect. Depletion of ovarian follicles is reflected as declined production of oestradiol which is currently known to be central to the morphologic and physiological changes that happen during the climacteric, menopause and post menopause periods. The cessation of oestradiol production is much more pronounced in tissues with oestrogen receptors such as bones, brain, blood vessels, central nervous system and the skin.

Double superior vena cava presenting with anomalous jugular and azygous venous systems.

Objective: To report on the double superior vena cava occurring with anomalous azygous vein and abnormal termination of the cardiac veins, which has not been reported before in one individual.

Results: Examination of the heart revealed the presence of both the right and left superior vena cava. The right superior vena cava terminated into the right atrium and received the right root of the azygous vein, and the left superior vena cava received the left root of the azygous vein before entering the dilated coronary sinus.

Apocrine secretory processes in the goblet cells of rat colon following stimulation with carbamylcholine.

Goblet cells have been shown to secrete via apocrine process, but there are no detailed morphological features that show the types of apocrine release processes. The goblet cells of the colon of the male albino rats were stimulated with carbamylcholine (CCh) and examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy for the purpose of studying the morphology of apocrine secretory processes. In the unstimulated control rats goblet cells secreted via exocytosis and apocrine mechanisms; but apocrine secretion was more commonly observed than exocytosis.

Anomalous jugular veins system in an adult male cadaver.

This is an observation of anomaly of the jugular veins system bilaterally. Both right and left external jugular veins drained into the subclavian veins. The right anterior jugular vein drained into the confluence of internal jugular and the subclavian veins as they join to form the right brachiocephalic vein.

Bilateral hands and feet postaxial polydactyly presenting with renal vascular anomalies.

The current Observation reports polydactyly of both the hands and feet in a 36 years old male cadaver that presented also with supernumerary renal vessels. The right kidney received the upper and lower supernumerary renal arteries from the abdominal aorta and was drained by the two renal veins. The anterior and posterior supernumerary renal veins opened separately into the inferior vena cava.

Morphology of neuropeptide Y immunopositive ganglia in the mouse pancreas.

The current immunohistochemical study used the antibody against neuropeptide Y (NPY) to observe the morphology of the autonomic ganglia in the mouse pancreas. The results indicated that intrapancreatic ganglion cells stained positively for NPY. Two types of ganglia were observed and they included the endocrine-contact ganglia that made contact with the endocrine pancreas and the interstitial ganglia, which were located in the interstitial space.