Hypothalamic Inflammation Improves Through Bariatric Surgery, and Hypothalamic Volume Predicts Short-Term Weight Loss Response in Adults With or Without Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Preclinical research implicates hypothalamic inflammation (HI) in obesity and type 2 diabetes pathophysiology. However, their pathophysiological relevance and potential reversibility need to be better defined. We sought to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery (BS) on radiological biomarkers of HI and the association between the severity of such radiological alterations and post-BS weight loss (WL) trajectories.

Bariatric Surgery Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Obesity increases the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), which has a major negative impact on global health. Bariatric surgery (BS) has demonstrated a substantial improvement of obesity-related comorbidities and thus, it has emerged as a potential therapeutic tool in order to prevent end-stage renal disease. A limited number of publications to date have examined the beneficial effects and risks of BS in patients with non-advanced stages of CKD.

Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Leaks and Perforations: Analysis From a Multicenter Spanish Registry.

Introduction: Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) is a novel technique for closing upper gastrointestinal (UGI) defects. Available literature includes single-center retrospective cohort studies with small sample sizes. Furthermore, evidence about factors associated with EVT failure is scarce.

Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Blood and Vascular Large Extracellular Vesicles According to Type 2 Diabetes Status.

Context: Large extracellular vesicles (lEVs) enriched for endothelial and blood cell markers are increased in metabolic conditions such as obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2D), actively contribute to the atherosclerotic process, and have been identified as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although bariatric surgery (BS) in individuals with obesity is related to decreased cardiovascular (CV) risk and increased life expectancy, after BS these subjects are still at higher CV risk than the general population.

Objective: We aimed to compare the lEV profiles between individuals with obesity, with or without T2D, before and 1 year after BS, and normal-weight controls.

Limited Bariatric Surgery-induced Weight Loss in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: Predictor Variables in Adipose Tissue.

Context: The impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) at baseline on limited weight loss (WL) after bariatric surgery (BS) remains controversial, and the potential underlying mechanisms incompletely understood.

Objective: We aimed at gaining further insight on this relationship and identifying novel associations between adipose tissue (AT) parameters and short-term WL outcomes in subjects with or without T2D undergoing BS.

Methods: Mid-term WL trajectories after BS have been evaluated in a cohort of 1659 subjects (cohort 1) with (n = 543) and without T2D (n = 1116).

Expression of Adipose Tissue Extracellular Matrix-Related Genes Predicts Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery.

Background: We evaluated the association between white adipose tissue parameters before bariatric surgery (BS) and post-surgical weight loss, with an especial focus on extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression.

Methods: Paired samples from subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were obtained from 144 subjects undergoing BS. The association between total body weight loss (%TBWL) at 12 months after BS and the histological characteristics and gene expression of selected genes in SAT and VAT was analyzed.

FABP4 Expression in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Is Independently Associated with Circulating Triglycerides in Obesity.

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) has been associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue plays a major role in lipid metabolism, mobilization and distribution. We have compared the histological and transcriptomic profiles of the subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissues from subjects with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery with (Ob-HTG, = 37) and without HTG (Ob-NTG, = 67).

Bariatric Surgery Outcomes in Patients with Kidney Transplantation.

Unlabelled: Obesity and kidney transplantation (KTx) are closely related. Obesity increases the risk of chronic kidney disease and can be a relative contraindication for KTx. Besides, KTx recipients are predisposed to obesity and its comorbidities.

Small fragments of hyaluronan are increased in individuals with obesity and contribute to low-grade inflammation through TLR-mediated activation of innate immune cells.

Background And Aim: Extracellular matrix (ECM) components released during excessive fat mass expansion are considered potential endogenous danger/alarm signals contributing to innate immune system activation. The aim of the current study was to specifically measure plasma levels of low molecular weight (LMW) hyaluronan (HA) and to evaluate its role as pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) on leukocyte response in the context of human obesity.

Subjects And Methods: Participants were selected according to their body mass index (BMI, kg/m) as non-obese (BMI < 29.

Positive Effects of a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Almonds on Female Adipose Tissue Biology in Severe Obesity.

It has been suggested that weight-loss-independent Mediterranean diet benefits on cardiometabolic health and diabetes prevention may be mediated, at least in part, through the modulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) biology. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of a dietary intervention based on the Mediterranean diet supplemented with almonds (MDSA) on the main features of obesity-associated WAT dysfunction. A total of 38 women with obesity were randomly assigned to a 3-month intervention with MDSA versus continuation of their usual dietary pattern.

Prevalence of low skeletal muscle mass following bariatric surgery.

Background And Aims: Evidence on the occurrence of low skeletal muscle mass (low-SMM) following bariatric surgery (BS) as well as on the impact of low-SMM antedating BS on post-surgical body composition (BC) are scant. In this context, we aimed to prospectively evaluate the prevalence of low-SMM prior to and up to 5 years after BS, and to evaluate pre-surgical low-SMM as an independent risk factor for the presence of low-SMM after BS.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected database.

Biological Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome in Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue from Severely Obese Women.

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of the most dangerous heart attack risk factors: diabetes or raised fasting plasma glucose, abdominal obesity, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. The goal of this study is to compare the state of the main features of obesity-associated white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction in 66 women with severe obesity without (MetS-) or with MetS (MetS+). Fat cell area, adipocyte size distribution and histological fibrosis were analysed in visceral (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous WAT (SAT) in 33 age- and BMI-matched pairs of MetS- and MetS+ subjects.

Bariatric Surgery and Solid-Organ Transplantation.

Morbid obesity and being overweight are a growing problem worldwide. They also affect patients with end-stage solid-organ disease and patients after transplant. Bariatric surgery is the most effective available weight loss procedure.

Weight-loss thresholds after bariatric surgery and cardiovascular outcomes: more is better.

Background/objectives: Whether the extent of weight loss (WL) modulates bariatric surgery (BS) cardiovascular benefits has scarcely been assessed. Several WL thresholds have been commonly used to classify BS patients as good or poor responders without a proven clinical relevance. We examined the relationship between the magnitude of WL after BS and post-surgery major adverse cardiovascular-event (MACE) incidence.

A Distinctive NAFLD Signature in Adipose Tissue from Women with Severe Obesity.

Development and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been linked to obesity and white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction plays a key role in this relation. We compared the main features of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral WAT (VAT) tissue dysfunction in 48 obese women without (Ob) and with NAFLD (Ob-NAFLD) undergoing bariatric surgery and matched for age, BMI and T2D status. Fat cell area, adipocyte size distribution, the degree of histological fibrosis and the mRNA expression of adipokines and genes implicated in inflammation, adipogenesis, angiogenesis, metabolism and extracellular matrix remodeling were measured by RT-qPCR in both fat depots.

Bariatric Surgery on Reproductive Outcomes: the Impact According to the Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Surgical Procedures.

Background: There is limited evidence on the impact of bariatric surgery (BS) on reproductive outcomes in the general population and specifically in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) or the effect of different BS techniques.

Purpose: The study aims to investigate the impact of BS on fertility, pregnancy, and newborn outcomes in reproductive age women who have undergone BS and the outcomes according to surgical procedure and PCOS diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study performed in women from 18-39 years undergoing BS in our centre from January 2005 to December 2010.

Psychosocial, Lifestyle, and Body Weight Impact of COVID-19-Related Lockdown in a Sample of Participants with Current or Past History of Obesity in Spain.

Purpose: Home lockdown and isolation due to COVID-19 have been related to negative changes in mood, sleep, and eating behaviors. People with obesity are especially vulnerable to emotional eating and might be more prone to weight gain and negative outcomes during lockdown.

Materials And Methods: Individuals scheduled for an appointment at the Obesity Unit of a Tertiary Hospital between March 16 and June 21 (n=1230).

Insights into the treatment of postsleeve gastrectomy leak: analysis of the results of 105 cases on a national register.

Background: Many options have been put forward to treat staple line leaks after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) but no clear consensus has emerged concerning a management algorithm.

Objectives: Aiming to establish a pattern to tailor treatment, the Spanish Society of Obesity Surgery (SECO) and the Obesity Section of the Spanish Association of Surgeons (AEC) set up a national register to record treatment of leaks after SG.

Setting: Multiple hospital centers, Spain.

A Propensity Score Cohort Study on the Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients Older Than Age 60.

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) in older obese subjects (>60 years of age) has risen in the past decade and will continue to rise in the coming years due to ageing of the population.

Aim: To evaluate the short- (12 months) and long-term (60 months) results of laparoscopic sleeve gastroscopy (LSG) in patients older than age 60.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients prospectively included in a database from January 2007 to December 2013.

Obesity impacts brain metabolism and structure independently of amyloid and tau pathology in healthy elderly.

Aims/hypothesis: Midlife obesity is a risk factor for dementia. We investigated the impact of obesity on brain structure, metabolism, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) core Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in healthy elderly.

Methods: We selected controls from ADNI2 with CSF AD biomarkers and/or fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and 3T-MRI.