[Exploration of professional and working conditions among community pharmacists in Gipuzkoa].

The purpose of this study is to explore the professional and working conditions of community pharmacists in the province of Gipuzkoa.The methodology employed involved: 1) A discussion with owner pharmacists and associate pharmacists, 2) A survey on satisfaction and work-life balance of pharmacists working in community pharmacies, and 3) Analysis of the reasons for cancelling membership of the association of pharmacists in the last 3 years. Data were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively.

A communication procedure between community pharmacists and primary care professionals resolves medication errors and other administrative issues.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to implement a communication procedure, with agreed-upon protocols, to resolve daily medication errors and other administrative issues that require communication between community pharmacists (CPs) and primary healthcare professionals (PHCPs).

Methods: A 6-month pilot study followed by a year-length principal study was carried out in the Donostialdea Integrated Healthcare Organisation (IHO). Afterwards, the project was extended to other IHOs.

The medication discrepancy detection service: A cost-effective multidisciplinary clinical approach.

Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of a Medication Discrepancy Detection Service (MDDS), a collaborative service between the community pharmacy and Primary Care.

Design: Non-controlled before-and-after study.

Setting: Bidasoa Integrated Healthcare Organisation, Gipuzkoa, Spain.

Community pharmacist interventions to improve adherence to lipid lowering medication and their influence on clinical outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Non-adherence is a major problem among patients with chronic diseases. Community pharmacists are ideally positioned to detect non-adherence and to provide patient-centred interventions.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the impact of community pharmacist interventions on patient adherence to lipid lowering medication (LLM) prescriptions and clinical outcomes.

Effect of health professional intervention on adherence to statin use according to the cause of patient non-adherence.

Background Non-adherence is a problem that particularly affects those with chronic diseases. Studying causes for not following the treatment is necessary to choose the best intervention to improve non-adherence. Objective Analyze how the intentionality of non-adherence modulates the effects of professional intervention in patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Tailored interventions by community pharmacists and general practitioners improve adherence to statins in a Spanish randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of health professionals' intervention on adherence to statins, the influence on total cholesterol levels, and lifestyle patterns in patients with hypercholesterolemia and analyze the differences according to the center of recruitment.

Study Setting: Forty-six community pharmacies and 50 primary care centers of Spain.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial design (n = 746).

Defining and characterising age-friendly community pharmacies: a qualitative study.

Introduction: The Global Network of Age-friendly Cities is a project promoted by the World Health Organization as a response to demographic ageing and urbanization process. San Sebastian, Spain, is one of these Age-friendly Cities and community pharmacies of the city joined the initiative.

Objective: To define and implement the Age-friendly Pharmacy concept to promote active ageing, optimize the contribution of community pharmacies of San Sebastian to the friendliness of the city and to the improvement of quality of life of the ageing population.

Health benefits of methylxanthines in neurodegenerative diseases.

Methylxanthines (MTXs) are consumed by almost everybody in almost every area of the world. Caffeine, theophylline and theobromine are the most well-known members of this family of compounds; they are present, inter alia, in coffee, tea, cacao, yerba mate and cola drinks. MTXs are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and are able to penetrate into the central nervous system, where they exert significant psychostimulant actions, which are more evident in acute intake.

The potential of methylxanthine-based therapies in pediatric respiratory tract diseases.

Caffeine, theophylline and theobromine are the most known methylxanthines as they are present in coffee, tea and/or chocolate. In the last decades, a huge experimental effort has been devoted to get insight into the variety of actions that these compounds exert in humans. From such knowledge it is known that methylxanthines have a great potential in prevention, therapy and/or management of a variety of diseases.

The relevance of theobromine for the beneficial effects of cocoa consumption.

Cocoa consumption began in America and in the mid sixteenth Century it quickly spread to Europe. Beyond being considered a pleasant habit due to its rich sweet lingering taste, chocolate was considered a good nutrient and even a medicine. Traditionally, health benefits of cocoa have been related with the high content of antioxidants of Theobroma cocoa beans.

Health benefits of methylxanthines in cacao and chocolate.

One may wonder why methylxanthines are so abundant in beverages used by humans for centuries, or in cola-drinks that have been heavily consumed since their appearance. It is likely that humans have stuck to any brew containing compounds with psychoactive properties, resulting in a better daily life, i.e.