Simplified vs extended in vitro methods for the evaluation of bioaccessibility of metals and metalloids present in urban recreational soils.

Urban soils may contain different metals and metalloids and they can enter the human body by direct inhalation, ingestion or dermic absorption. According to USEPA, 200 mg·day is the average daily ingested dose of soil for children aged from 1 to 12 years of age. In vitro bioaccessibility tests which are based on human physiology, have been used for the determination of the element fraction in soils that can be absorbed by human digestion.