Uncovering the Burden of Diabetes in Ekiti State, Nigeria: Insights From a Statewide, Household-Based, Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important global public health challenge, and the burden of the disease is huge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the majority of people with this condition reside. Undiagnosed DM is more prevalent in LMICs. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and associated factors for DM in Ekiti State.

Knowledge and Awareness of Hepatitis B Infection Among Young Adults in Ekiti, Nigeria: Implications for Education and Vaccination.

Aim Hepatitis B is a preventable infection with transmission of the virus through sex, by blood and from mother to child during childbirth. Young adults are prone to some of these risk factors, yet data on awareness and knowledge of hepatitis B among them is still limited in Nigeria and none from our locality. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B among young adults attending a tertiary health institution in Nigeria with the aim of giving recommendations based on the findings.

Evaluating the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare workers regarding high-risk nosocomial infections: A global cross-sectional study.

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) play a vital role in delivering care and are frequently exposed to the risk of acquiring infections within the hospital setting. Around 15% of hospitalized patients suffer from these infections globally. However, the role and awareness of HCWs in the transmission of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) or nosocomial infections is still unclear.

Pattern of admissions and outcome in the children emergency department of a tertiary health institution in Southwestern Nigeria: A four-year review.

Introduction: Pediatrics and adolescents are susceptible to illnesses that often necessitate emergency attention. Morbidity and mortality from illnesses in these ages have attracted much interest globally, particularly in Africa. Knowledge of pattern and outcomes of admissions may guide policy and interventions especially in resource constrained settings.

Adherence to WHO Criteria on Drug Promotion Literature: An Exploratory Study From a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in South-West Nigeria.

In many low and middle-income countries (LMIC), drug promotional literature (DPL) remains one of the main sources of drug information for physicians. Studies conducted in many LMICs showed poor compliance to the WHO guidelines for ethical drug promotion especially in the area of information about excipients, adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interactions and contra-indications. These inadequacies in the information provided may mislead the prescriber with potential adverse consequences among patients using the medicines.

Pattern and awareness of complementary and alternative medicine usage for otorhinolaryngological problems among residents in Ekiti State.

Background: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the treatment of various ailments globally has called for more research.

Aim: This study aimed to draw the attention of the stakeholders to the prevalence, pattern and awareness of CAM usage in otorhinolaryngological ailments and the need to safeguard the health of CAM users in Ekiti state, south - west Nigeria.

Patients And Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out over a 12-month period (January to December, 2019) among consented patients that attended ear, nose, and Throat (ENT) clinics in two tertiary health institutions in Ekiti state.

Anti-Cholinergic Drug Burden Among Ambulatory Elderly Patients in a Nigerian Tertiary Healthcare Facility.

The use of drugs with anticholinergic effects among elderly patients is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. There is paucity of information about anticholinergic drug burden among Nigerian elderly population. To determine the anticholinergic drug burden among elderly Nigerian patients.

-Depression in Patients with Heart Failure: Is Enough Being Done?

Depression is a major issue in heart failure (HF). Depression is present in about one in five HF patients, with about 48 % of these individuals having significant depression. There is a wide variation in reported prevalences because of differences in the cohorts studied and methodologies.

The influence of health insurance scheme on the drug prescribing pattern in a Nigerian tertiary healthcare facility.

Introduction: Prescription medicines constitute a significant proportion of total healthcare expenditure in many countries of the world. Nonrational prescribing by healthcare providers contributes significantly to this relatively high proportion. In many developing countries of the world, a significant proportion of the population pays "out of pocket" to access healthcare, sometimes leading to catastrophic healthcare expenditure.

Prevalence of inappropriate medication prescription in the elderly in Nigeria: A comparison of Beers and STOPP criteria.

Background: Inappropriate medication prescription among the elderly is a major problem with significant negative health consequences. The Beers and STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Persons' potentially inappropriate Prescription) criteria are common tools used for screening of potentially inappropriate medications. The primary objective of the study was to estimate the incidence of PIM among elderly Nigerian patients using the earlier mentioned tools.

Different expression and function of the endocannabinoid system in human epicardial adipose tissue in relation to heart disease.

Background: The endocannabinoid system reportedly plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. This system is expressed also in adipose tissue, which could thus be involved in cardiac disorders through modulation of metabolically triggered inflammation. The current study aims to determine the relevance of the endocannabinoid system in epicardial adipose tissue in heart disease.

Hormone replacement therapy and cataract: a population-based case-control study.

Purpose: Laboratory studies have suggested that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may protect against the development of cataract, but epidemiological studies in humans have thus far been inconclusive. The aim of this study was to assess the association between hormone replacement therapy and cataract.

Methods: Population-based case-control study using data from the General Practice Research Database in the UK.

Anthropometric assessments in Nigerian children.

Objective: To determine the relationship between psychomotor development and the anthropometric indices in a sample of Nigerian children.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Setting: Anthropometric and developmental assessments were carried out on the subjects in research rooms or semi-opened spaces that were generally conducive for the display of developmental skills by children in the various study centres as follows: well baby/ immunisation clinic, nursery schools and religious centres.

Socio-demographic and clinical profile of patients attending a private psychiatric hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.

The pattern of private psychiatric practice in Nigeria was examined by carrying out a prospective study in a private hospital. In all, one hundred and thirty-eight (138) consecutive patients of nearly equal sex distribution were seen in a total of about six hundred and forty-four (644) consultation sessions in one year. The young adults (31 - 45 years old) constitute the highest percentage (43.

Detection of moderate and severe coronary artery stenosis with technetium-99m tetrofosmin myocardial single-photon emission tomography.

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of technetium-99m tetrofosmin myocardial imaging for the localization of coronary artery stenoses of different degrees of severity. Stress-rest single-photon emission tomography (SPET) was performed on separate days in 80 patients (64 males, 16 females; mean age 61 years; 43 patients with previous myocardial infarction; 18 patients with pharmacological stress), within 6 months of coronary angiography. Scintigraphic images were blindly and independently evaluated by three observers.

[Short and intermediate term clinical outcome in patients with cardiogenic shock treated with aortic counterpulsation].

Background: Despite improvements in coronary care, cardiogenic shock (CS) remains the leading cause of death in patients with dramatic cardiac diseases of which acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most frequent event. Conventional therapy for CS with coronary care unit (CCU) monitoring and vasopressor agents to support blood pressure has historically been associated with an 80% to 90% mortality rate in large series. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) therapy for shock results in initial favourable clinical and haemodynamic responses, but ultimately, in most patients, death is merely delayed and hospital mortality still exceeds 80%.

[The functional and hemodynamic benefits of automatic atrioventricular interval delay in permanent atrial synchronized pacing].

Objectives: In order to assess possible functional and hemodynamic benefits of different programming of atrioventricular (AV) delay--156 ms fixed vs 156 to 63 adaptive--two maximal exercise tests (cyclette) were performed in 8 patients (6 males, 2 females; 69 +/- 6 years) implanted with Chorus 6003 (Ela Medical, France) DDD pacemakers for complete AV block with normal sinus node function.

Methods: The measured parameters were: pacing rate, cardiac output (thermodilution method), oxygen consumption (2001 gas-exchange analyser), arterial-venous difference (derived from pulmonary oxygen saturation, through an optical-fibers Swan-Ganz catheter coupled to an Oximetric3-Abbott oximeter), human atrial natriuretic factor and lactate plasmatic levels, anaerobic threshold.

Results: A better cardiac output (11.

Mechanisms accounting for lymphocytic alveolitis in hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a lung disorder characterized by an exaggerated accumulation of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the pulmonary parenchyma. To investigate the mechanisms accounting for the T cell alveolitis taking place in the lung of HP patients and their pattern of growth, cells recovered from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of seven patients were evaluated for: 1) the expression of activation markers, including IL-2R (p55 and p75 subunits), HLA-DR and VLA-1 Ag; 2) the ability of IL-2 and IL-4 to induce in vitro proliferation; 3) the capability to synthesize and release IL-2 by determining the levels of IL-2 in BAL cell-free supernatants and by evaluating the presence of mRNA transcripts for IL-2; and 4) the molecular configuration of the beta- and gamma-genes of the TCR. This study demonstrates that a high number of BAL lymphocytes recovered from the lungs of HP patients express activation markers including the p75 chain of IL-2R, VLA-1, and HLA-DR Ag.

Respiratory-dependent atrial pacing, management of sinus node disease.

The effectiveness of respiratory-dependent atrial pacing (AAI-RD) was assessed in 23 patients (11 male, 12 female; 68 +/- 10 years) with symptomatic isolated sinus node disease (SND). Follow-up was performed at 3 month intervals and included history taking, physical examination, ECG recording and 24-hour Holter monitoring. An incremental treadmill exercise test was performed in 21/23 patients before pacemaker implantation, in 23/23 patients after implantation (at least two tests with different programmed settings of respiratory rate/paced rate ratio); 21/23 patients underwent treadmill tests during both fixed rate 70 bpm and AAI-RD pacing.

Physiological sensitivity of respiratory-dependent cardiac pacing: four-year follow-up.

Clinical and physiological data on long-term follow-up of 143 patients with respiratory-dependent pacemakers (RDP3) are reported; 121 patients received ventricular (VVI-RD) and 22 patients atrial (AAI-RD) respiratory-dependent stimulation. Functional evaluation was based on the exercise testing (130 pts) with oxygen uptake VO2, ventilation, ECG and arterial pressure monitoring and the dynamic Holter electrocardiogram (95 pts). In each patient, the stimulation rate curve selected was that which produced the best work tolerance and moved the anaerobic threshold to the right.

[Physiologic limitations of dual chamber stimulators during physical activity].

Dual chamber DDD pacing is fully physiologic when chronotropic response of sinus node to exercise is normal and when retrograde ventriculo-atrial conduction is absent. Comparison of results from exercise test with increasing work load showed that atrial-triggered ventricular pacing provides a significant functional benefit (delta VO2 15%) P less than 0.01, if compared with fixed rate ventricular pacing.

[Ventricular repolarization abnormalities and arrhythmia in the athlete. A long-term follow-up clinical case].

Clinical and prognostic significance of ventricular repolarization anomalies in sportsmen is still uncertain, even if they are most commonly regarded as benign. We studied a patient in whom those manifestations didn't show any progression within 30 years even after interruption of athletics and were related to idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Anatomical findings were combined with cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances (paroxysmal atrial flutter, premature contractions, 2nd degree AV block).