Engineering gold nanoworms with tunable longitudinal plasmon peak in the near infrared and their refractive index sensing properties.

The plasmonic properties of rod-shaped Au nanoparticles make them promising for numerous applications. The synthesis recipes for Au nanorods are well established and their longitudinal plasmon peak can be tuned over a wide wavelength range. Herein, we demonstrate that the longitudinal plasmon peak of gold NWs (NWs), which are bent nanorods, can be finely tuned in the near-infra-red region.

The use of occlusive contact lenses after failure of conventional for treatment of amblyopia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and assess the risks associated with occlusive contact lenses (OCLs) use to treat refractory amblyopia in children who failed the conventional amblyopia treatment with patching and atropine penalization.

Methods: This was a retrospective case series of all children treated with an OCL in the sound eye over an 8-year period. Data were collected on the age, gender, and type of amblyopia, previous treatment received, and its duration.

Long-Term Visual Acuity and Optical Coherence Tomography Changes After Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term visual acuity and retinal thickness changes after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERM).

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 72 patients who underwent PPV for idiopathic ERM in a tertiary hospital over 5 consecutive years. The main outcome measurement was change in visual acuity and macular thickness as recorded with optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Sixteen-Syndrome in a Young Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Sixteen syndrome is rare variant of one and a half syndrome resulting from lesion affecting bilateral dorsal pontine structures. This report describes a case of 16 syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A 28 year old woman with underlying lupus was presented with sudden left side body weakness and diplopia.

Microwave 3D Imaging System Featuring the Phase Coherence Factor for Improved Beamforming.

Background: This paper presents an improved radar-based imaging system for breast cancer detection that features p-slot ultrawideband antennae in a 32-array set-up. The improved reconstruction algorithm incorporates the phase coherence factor (PCF) into the conventional delay and sum (DAS) beamforming algorithm, thus effectively suppressing noise arising from the side- and gratinglobe interferences.

Methods: The system is tested by using several breast models fabricated from chemical mixtures formulated on the basis of realistic human tissues.

Do limbal relaxing incisions during cataract surgery still have a role?

Background: Though Limbal Relaxing Incisions (LRI) were used widely to correct pre-existing corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery, they have been replaced recently with the more expensive methods like the use of toric Intra Ocular Lenses (IOL) and femtosecond during cataract surgery. We conducted our study to re-evaluate the role of (LRI) in correcting pre-existing moderate corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery in settings where other options are neither available nor affordable.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of all consecutive cases of LRI performed by a single surgeon at the time of cataract surgery to correct moderate corneal astigmatism (1.

Congenital Cataract Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis of 62 Patients in a Developing Country.

Purpose: This study was aimed at describing our experience in congenital cataract surgery in a developing Country.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Amman, Jordan. The patients who were diagnosed with congenital cataract and underwent the surgery were included in the study.

Blood pressure in adults with short stature skeletal dysplasias.

Hypertension, compounded by obesity, contributes to cardiovascular disease and mortality. Data describing hypertension prevalence in adults with short stature skeletal dysplasias are lacking, perhaps due to poor fit of typical adult blood pressure cuffs on rhizomelic or contracted upper extremities. Through health screening research, blood pressure was measured in short stature adults attending support group meetings and skeletal dysplasia clinics.

Heterochromia irides and mistaken identity of retinoblastoma.

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy of infancy which frequently manifests with a white pupillary reflex. We report a case of delayed presentation of a child with retinoblastoma in his left eye because parents thought the change in iris colour in this eye was due to the innocent heterochromia irides that was previously diagnosed in his elder sibling. This late presentation necessitated enucleation of the affected eye followed by chemotherapy.

Stretchable Conductive Ink Based on Polysiloxane-Silver Composite and Its Application as a Frequency Reconfigurable Patch Antenna for Wearable Electronics.

The rapid progress in electronic applications for movable devices requires the conductive matrix to be not only flexible but also stretchable. A simple microstrip patch antenna was fabricated based on silver ink polysiloxane composite with a stretchable polysiloxane substrate at a resonance frequency of 2.50 GHz.

Medical Malpractice in Pediatric Orthopaedics: A Systematic Review of US Case Law.

Background: Compared with other orthopaedic subspecialties, pediatric orthopaedic surgeons are thought to be at greater risk for malpractice claims; however, there is scant research on this topic. The purpose of our study was to characterize publicly available malpractice cases pertaining to pediatric orthopaedics to determine the (1) most common specialties of the physicians implicated, (2) most common diagnoses involved, (3) rate of verdicts in favor of the plaintiff, (4) amount of indemnity payments resulting from all verdicts versus verdicts in which only an orthopaedic surgeon was involved, and (5) outcomes of cases that were appealed.

Methods: The Westlaw legal database was queried for jury verdicts, settlements, and appellate cases using the search terms "pediatric" AND "orthopaedic" from December 31, 1984, to January 1, 2016, yielding 176 appellate court cases and 189 jury reports/settlements.

Surface functionalized folate targeted oleuropein nano-liposomes for prostate tumor targeting: Invitro and invivo activity.

Aims: This study aims to develop and evaluate oleuropein loaded surface functionalized folate-targeted - PEG liposomes for the effective management of prostate cancer in an animal model.

Materials And Methods: Film hydration-cum-extrusion technique was used to produce liposomes. Particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, electron microscopy, and drug release study were performed for the characterization.

Resveratrol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles mediated programmed cell death in prostate cancer cells.

Resveratrol (RL), a natural polyphenol, is known for its diverse biological effects against various human cancer cell lines. But low aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability, and stability limit its efficacy against prostate cancer. In this study polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating resveratrol (RLPLGA) were designed and their cytotoxic and mode of apoptotic cells death against prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) was determined.

External fixation and surgical fusion for pediatric cervical spine injuries: Short-term outcomes.

Objective: To compare in-hospital complication rates in pediatric patients with atlantoaxial and subaxial injuries undergoing either external fixation or surgical fusion.

Patients And Methods: Baseline and outcome data were obtained from the 2002-2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for patients under the age of 18 with a diagnosis of cervical spine fracture without spinal cord injury or cervical spine subluxation. Patients who underwent external immobilization or internal fixation were included for analysis.

Risk factors associated with short-term complications and mortality after pediatric spinal arthrodesis.

OBJECTIVE Spinal arthrodesis is routinely performed in the pediatric population. However, there is limited information on the short-term outcomes of pediatric patients who have undergone spine fusion. Thus, the authors conducted a retrospective review of the Pediatric National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database to determine the short-term mortality, complication, reoperation, and readmission rates of pediatric patients who underwent spinal arthrodesis for all indications.

Prevalence of Scoliosis and Thoracolumbar Kyphosis in Patients With Achondroplasia.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review, case series.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of scoliosis and kyphosis in patients with achondroplasia.

Summary Of Background Data: There is little published research on the prevalence of scoliosis and thoracolumbar kyphosis in patients with achondroplasia.

Factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adults with short stature skeletal dysplasias.

Introduction: Numerous factors associate with health disparities. The extent to which such factors influence health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adults with short stature skeletal dysplasias (SD) is unknown. In an effort to update and clarify knowledge about the HRQOL of adults with SD, this study aimed to quantify HRQOL scores relative to the American average and assess whether specific indicators are associated with lower scores.

Walking Out of the Curve: Thoracolumbar Kyphosis in Achondroplasia.

Background: Thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK) is common in infants with achondroplasia. Our goals were to examine the natural history of TLK and identify factors associated with persistent TLK.

Methods: We reviewed records of patients with achondroplasia seen by a board-certified orthopaedic surgeon at a tertiary care medical center between 1997 and 2013.

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Pediatric and Adult Spine Deformity Surgery.

Study Design: Review of techniques and description of institutional clinical experience.

Objective: To provide a historical review and description of key neuromonitoring concepts, focusing on neurogenic motor-evoked potentials and descending neurogenic evoked potentials, and to review the authors' experience with neuromonitoring techniques in children and adults undergoing spinal deformity surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: The original form of neuromonitoring, the Stagnara wake-up test, remains the "gold standard" for detecting true neurological deficits.

Percutaneous Screw Fixation of Lateral Condylar Humeral Fractures.

Lateral condylar humeral fractures are the second most common elbow injury in children and commonly occur between the ages of 5 and 10 years. There are several systems for classification of this fracture, including those of Milch (fracture line location) and Jakob et al. (displacement).

Visual loss after corrective surgery for pediatric scoliosis: incidence and risk factors from a nationwide database.

Background Context: Perioperative visual loss (POVL) after spinal deformity surgery is an uncommon but severe complication. Data on the incidence and risk factors of this complication after corrective surgery in the pediatric population are limited.

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate nationwide estimates of POVL after corrective surgery for pediatric scoliosis.

A Short Review on Copper Calcium Titanate (CCTO) Electroceramic: Synthesis, Dielectric Properties, Film Deposition, and Sensing Application.

Electroceramic calcium copper titanates (CaCuTiO, CCTO), with high dielectric permittivities () of approximately 10 and 10, respectively, for single crystal and bulk materials, are produced for a number of well-established and emerging applications such as resonator, capacitor, and sensor. These applications take advantage of the unique properties achieved through the structure and properties of CCTO. This review comprehensively focuses on the primary processing routes, effect of impurity, dielectric permittivity, and deposition technique used for the processing of electroceramics along with their chemical composition and micro and nanostructures.

Low Prevalence of Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Patients With Achondroplasia.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries and their subsequent reconstructions are common in the general population, but there has been no research regarding ACL or PCL injuries in patients with achondroplasia, the most common skeletal dysplasia. Our goals were to (1) evaluate the prevalence of ACL and PCL injuries in adolescents and adults with achondroplasia, (2) compare this prevalence with that reported for the general population, (3) determine how many patients with ACL or PCL injuries underwent ligament reconstruction as treatment, and (4) determine patient activity levels as they relate to the rate of ACL/PCL injuries and reconstructions.

Methods: We reviewed medical records of 430 patients with achondroplasia seen in the senior author's clinic from 2002 through 2014.

Evaluation of the Child with Short Stature.

Orthopedic surgeons frequently encounter short statured patients. A systematic approach is needed for proper evaluation of these children. The differential diagnosis includes both proportionate and disproportionate short stature types.

Cannulated Lag Screw Fixation of Displaced Lateral Humeral Condyle Fractures Is Associated With Lower Rates of Open Reduction and Infection Than Pin Fixation.

Background: Open reduction/internal fixation remains the most common way to surgically stabilize displaced pediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures, but closed reduction and internal fixation is being increasingly used. Our goal was to compare the clinical and functional results of treating displaced pediatric lateral humeral condylar fractures with traditional smooth or threaded pin fixation versus single cannulated screw fixation.

Methods: From 1998 through 2012, the lateral humeral condyle fractures of 48 patients were treated with pin fixation (22 patients, until 2006) or cannulated, partially threaded screw fixation (26 patients, from 2006 onward).