Atypical Intracerebral Developmental Venous Anomalies in Sturge-Weber Syndrome: A Case Series and Review of Literature.

Background: Intracranial vascular abnormalities in Sturge-Weber syndrome, including leptomeningeal angiomatosis, anomalous cortical venous structures, and transmedullary developmental venous anomalies, are well recognized. Prominent vascular flow voids on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are occasionally identified in patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome, raising concern of arteriovenous malformations, a congenital high-flow vascular malformation with a risk of bleeding.

Methods: We report four patients with prominent flow voids on conventional MRI that suggested high-flow lesions.

Artificial Neural Network Computer Tomography Perfusion Prediction of Ischemic Core.

Background and Purpose- Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is a useful tool in the evaluation of acute ischemic stroke, where it can provide an estimate of the ischemic core and the ischemic penumbra. The optimal CTP parameters to identify the ischemic core remain undetermined. Methods- We used artificial neural networks (ANNs) to optimally predict the ischemic core in acute stroke patients, using diffusion-weighted imaging as the gold standard.

Optimal Computed Tomographic Perfusion Scan Duration for Assessment of Acute Stroke Lesion Volumes.

Background And Purpose: The minimal scan duration needed to obtain reliable lesion volumes with computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) has not been well established in the literature.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed the impact of gradual truncation of the scan duration on acute ischemic lesion volume measurements. For each scan, we identified its optimal scan time, defined as the shortest scan duration that yields measurements of the ischemic lesion volumes similar to those obtained with longer scanning, and the relative height of the fitted venous output function at its optimal scan time.

Thermal properties of contemporary bipolar systems using infrared imaging.

Background: Bipolar coagulation has enhanced the capabilities and safety profile of contemporary neurosurgery and has become indispensable in the neurosurgical armamentarium. Nevertheless, significant heat transfer issues remain to be resolved before it can achieve the status of minimal risk.

Methods: The Codman irrigating forceps, Codman ISOCOOL forceps, and Ellman bipolar forceps, powered by either Synergy or Ellman generators set at various power levels, were compared to investigate the combinations that would allow for the lowest rate of heat transfer.

Outcomes after anterior or complete corpus callosotomy in children.

Background: Corpus callosotomy (CC) is a valuable palliative surgical option for children with medically refractory epilepsy due to generalized or multifocal cortical seizure onset.

Objective: To investigate the extent of CC resulting in optimal seizure control in a pediatric patient population and to evaluate the modification of seizure profile after various CC approaches.

Methods: The records of 58 children (3-22 years of age at the time of surgery) with medically refractory epilepsy who underwent CC between 1995 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed.

Palliative epilepsy surgery in Aicardi syndrome: a case series and review of literature.

Purpose: Aicardi syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the triad of seizures, agenesis of corpus callosum, and chorioretinal lacunae. Seizures in AS are typically frequent, of various types, and refractory to medical therapy. Optimal treatment of seizures in AS remains undetermined.

Concussions in soccer: a current understanding.

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health problem in the United States, with approximately 1.5-2 million TBIs occurring each year. However, it is believed that these figures underestimate the true toll of TBI.

Characterization of the supplementary motor area syndrome and seizure outcome after medial frontal lobe resections in pediatric epilepsy surgery.

Background: In adults, resection of the medial frontal lobe has been shown to result in supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome, a disorder characterized by transient motor impairment. Studies examining the development of SMA syndrome in children, however, are wanting.

Objective: To characterize the development of SMA syndrome and to analyze seizure outcomes after surgery in the medial frontal lobe for medically intractable epilepsy.