Excess healthcare resource utilization and costs for commercially insured patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A real-world data analysis.

This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate all-cause healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs in commercially insured patients living with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and explore end-of-life (EOL)-related HCRU and costs. Data from the IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus database (October 2014 to May 2020) were analyzed to identify adults (≥18 years) with PAH (PAH cohort) and those without PH (non-PH cohort). Patients were required to have data for ≥12 months before (baseline) and ≥6 months after (follow-up) the first observed PH diagnosis (index date) for PAH cohort or pseudo index date for non-PH cohort.

Treatment patterns and hospitalizations following rejection, reversal, or payment of the initial once-monthly paliperidone palmitate long-acting injectable antipsychotic claim among patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Background: Once-monthly paliperidone palmitate (PP1M) is a long-acting injectable antipsychotic approved for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (SCA) in adults.

Objective: To assess treatment patterns and schizophrenia/SCA-related hospitalization following payer rejection, patient reversal, or payment of an initial PP1M claim.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using the IQVIA Formulary Impact Analyzer database linked to the Medical Claims, Hospital Charge Detail Master, and Experian consumer databases.

Real world treatment patterns, healthcare resource use and costs in patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer by mutation type.

Aims: This study described treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs among advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (a/mNSCLC) patients with different epidermal growth factor receptor ( mutation types.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study leveraged NeoGenomics NeoNucleus linked with IQVIA PharMetrics Plus between 01 January 2016 to 30 April 2021 (study period). Patients with evidence of a/mNSCLC between 01 July 2016 to 31 March 2021 (selection window) with test results indicating exon 19 deletion (exon19del), exon 21 L858R (L858R), or exon 20 insertion (exon20i) mutations were included; date of first observed evidence of a/mNSCLC was the index date.

Healthcare resource utilization in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PH-COPD): a real-world data analysis.

Rationale: There is a lack of real-world characterization of healthcare costs and associated cost drivers in patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PH-COPD).

Objectives: To examine (1) excess healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and associated costs in patients with PH-COPD compared to COPD patients without PH; and (2) patient characteristics that are associated with higher healthcare costs in patients with PH-COPD.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the IQVIA PharMetrics Plus database (OCT2014-MAY2020).

Real-world costs of obesity-related complications over eight years: a US retrospective cohort study in 28,500 individuals.

Background: Obesity-related complications (ORCs) are associated with high costs for healthcare systems. We assessed the relationship between comorbidity burden, represented by both number and type of 14 specific ORCs, and total healthcare costs over time in people with obesity in the USA.

Methods: Adults (≥ 18 years old) identified from linked electronic medical records and administrative claims databases, with a body mass index measurement of 30-< 70 kg/m between 1 January 2007 and 31 March 2012 (earliest measurement: index date), and with continuous enrolment for ≥ 1 year pre index (baseline year) and ≥ 8 years post index, were included.

Weight gain following switch to integrase inhibitors from non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase or protease inhibitors in people living with HIV in the United States: analyses of electronic medical records and prescription claims.

Objectives: Real-world data evaluating weight changes in people living with HIV (PLWH) following switch to integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), specifically bictegravir (BIC), are limited. This retrospective cohort study analyzed weight changes upon switching to INSTI from non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or protease inhibitor (PI) in treatment-experienced PLWH.

Methods: Adult PLWH (≥18 years) treated with NNRTI or PI (non-switch cohorts) and those switching to INSTI (switch cohorts) between January 1, 2014 and August 31, 2019 were identified using IQVIA's Ambulatory Electronic Medical Records linked to a prescription drug claims database.

Weight gain after antiretroviral therapy initiation in people living with HIV in the United States: analyses of electronic medical records and prescription claims.

Background: Treatment guidelines recommend integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens for treatment naïve people living with HIV (PLWH) in the United States (US). This retrospective database study compared weight changes following initiation of INSTI-, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-, or protease inhibitor (PI)-based ART in treatment-naïve PLWH.

Methods: Adult (≥18 years) PLWH initiated on INSTI, NNRTI, or PI plus ≥2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) between 1 January 2014 to 31 August 2019 were identified in IQVIA's Ambulatory Electronic Medical Records (AEMR) linked to prescription drug claims (LRx).

Characteristics of initiators of budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the United States: the AURA study.

Introduction: A twice-daily single inhaler triple therapy consisting of budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate (BGF) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in July 2020 as a maintenance treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective of this AURA study is to describe patient characteristics, exacerbation and treatment history, and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) before BGF initiation to better inform treatment decisions for prescribers.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study leveraged data of all payer types from IQVIA's Longitudinal Prescription Data (LRx) linked to Medical Data (Dx).

Burden of influenza hospitalization among high-risk groups in the United States.

Background: Seasonal influenza poses a substantial clinical and economic burden in the United States and vulnerable populations, including the elderly and those with comorbidities, are at elevated risk for influenza-related medical complications.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus claims database in two stages. In Stage 1, we identified patients with evidence of medically-attended influenza during influenza seasons from October 1, 2014 to May 31, 2018 (latest available data for Stage 1) and used a multivariable logistic regression model to identify patient characteristics that predicted 30-day influenza-related hospitalization.

Unemployment, Homelessness, and Other Societal Outcomes Among US Veterans With Schizophrenia Relapse: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

To evaluate societal outcomes including unemployment and homelessness among US veterans with schizophrenia with a history of relapse. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) data from January 1, 2013, to September 30, 2019. Veterans with ≥ 2 diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, and/or schizoaffective disorders ( 295.

Outpatient Antibiotic and Antiviral Utilization Patterns in Patients Tested for Respiratory Pathogens in the United States: A Real-World Database Study.

This retrospective observational study evaluated outpatient treatment patterns among patients with molecular-based viral diagnostic testing for suspected upper respiratory tract infections in the United States. Patients with a respiratory viral test were identified from 1 August 2016 to 1 July 2019 in a large national reference laboratory database linked to IQVIA's prescription and medical claims databases. Antibiotic and influenza antiviral treatment patterns were reported up to 7 days post-test result.

Unemployment, homelessness, and other societal outcomes in patients with schizophrenia: a real-world retrospective cohort study of the United States Veterans Health Administration database : Societal burden of schizophrenia among US veterans.

Background: The burden associated with schizophrenia is substantial. Impacts on the individual, healthcare system, and society may be particularly striking within the veteran population due to the presence of physical and mental health comorbidities. Disease burden is also influenced by a complex interplay between social determinants of health and health disparities.

Characteristics and current standard of care among veterans with major depressive disorder in the United States: A real-world data analysis.

Background: This study examined MDD treatment regimens received during the first observed and treated major depressive episode (MDE) among US veterans.

Methods: This retrospective study, conducted using the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) database, supplemented with Medicare Part A/B/D data, included adults with ≥1 MDD diagnosis (index date) between 10/1/2015-2/28/2017 and ≥1 line of therapy (LOT) within the first observed complete MDE. Patient baseline (6-month pre-index) characteristics and up to six LOTs received during the first observed and treated MDE were assessed.

Real-world HIV diagnostic testing patterns in the United States.

Objectives: To understand real-world implementation of the updated CDC HIV diagnostic testing algorithm.

Study Design: Retrospective database analysis.

Methods: Using data from Quest Diagnostics, we identified patients with at least 1 HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation test (BioRad Geenius HIV 1/2 Supplemental Assay [Geenius]) between January 1 and December 31, 2017.

Frequency, severity and costs of flares increase with disease severity in newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus: a real-world cohort study, United States, 2004-2015.

Objective: To evaluate frequency, severity and costs of flares in US patients with newly diagnosed SLE.

Methods: Adults diagnosed with SLE between January 2005 and December 2014 were identified from US commercial claims data linked to electronic medical records. Disease and flare severity during 1 year after diagnosis were classified as mild, moderate or severe using a claims-based algorithm.

Disease and economic burden increase with systemic lupus erythematosus severity 1 year before and after diagnosis: a real-world cohort study, United States, 2004-2015.

Objective: To assess the economic burden of patients with SLE by disease severity in the USA 1 year before and after diagnosis.

Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with a first SLE diagnosis (index date) between January 2005 and December 2014 were identified from administrative commercial claims data linked to electronic medical records (EMRs). Disease severity during the year after diagnosis was classified as mild, moderate, or severe using claims-based algorithms and EMR data.

Clinical characteristics and treatment patterns with histrelin acetate subcutaneous implants vs. leuprolide injections in children with precocious puberty: a real-world study using a US claims database.

Objectives: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs are the treatment of choice for central precocious puberty (CPP). This study characterizes patients treated with histrelin implant or leuprolide injection.

Methods: A US claims database was used to identify patients aged ≤20 years with ≥1 histrelin or leuprolide claim (index treatment) between April 2010 and November 2017 and continuous enrollment ≥3 months before and ≥12 months after the index treatment date.

Effect of a Patient Support Program for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients on Medication Persistence: A Retrospective Database Analysis.

Introduction: In 2015, Boehringer Ingelheim (BI) created a support program for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) treated with nintedanib, to help patients obtain their prescription, learn about their disease and medication, and provide support in the management of their IPF. The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of the program on nintedanib persistence among patients with IPF newly treated with the medication.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of BI Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Leveraging unstructured data to identify hereditary angioedema patients in electronic medical records.

Background: The epidemiologic impact of hereditary angioedema (HAE) is difficult to quantify, due to misclassification in retrospective studies resulting from non-specific diagnostic coding. The aim of this study was to identify cohorts of patients with HAE-1/2 by evaluating structured and unstructured data in a US ambulatory electronic medical record (EMR) database.

Methods: A retrospective feasibility study was performed using the GE Centricity EMR Database (2006-2017).

Clinical and Economic Outcomes in Patients with Persistent Asthma Who Attain Healthcare Effectiveness and Data Information Set Measures.

Background: Attainment of asthma-specific US Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) quality measures may be associated with improved clinical outcomes and reduced economic burden.

Objective: We examined the relationship between the attainment of HEDIS measures asthma medication ratio (AMR) and medication management for people with asthma (MMA) on clinical and economic outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective claims database analysis linked to ambulatory electronic medical records enrolled US patients aged ≥5 years with persistent asthma between May 2015 and April 2017.

A Real-World Evidence Study Assessing the Impact of Adding the Aerobika Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure Device to Standard of Care Upon Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs in Post-Operative Patients.

Introduction: The aim of this real-world study was to measure the benefit of the Aerobika oscillating positive expiratory pressure (OPEP) device when added to standard of care (defined as incentive spirometry [IS]) for post-operative patients.

Methods: Adults aged ≥ 18 years who were hospitalized for cardiac, thoracic or upper abdominal surgery between 1 September 2013 and 30 April 2017 were identified from IQVIA's Hospital Charge Detail Master (CDM) database; the index date was the date of the first hospitalization for surgery. The control cohort (IS) included patients who had ≥ 1 CDM record within 12 months prior to the index date and ≥ 1 record after discharge, evidence of IS use during index hospitalization and no evidence of use of a PEP or OPEP device at any time during the study period.

Common Model Inputs Used in CISNET Collaborative Breast Cancer Modeling.

Background: Since their inception in 2000, the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Network (CISNET) breast cancer models have collaborated to use a nationally representative core of common input parameters to represent key components of breast cancer control in each model. Employment of common inputs permits greater ability to compare model output than when each model begins with different input parameters. The use of common inputs also enhances inferences about the results, and provides a range of reasonable results based on variations in model structure, assumptions, and methods of use of the input values.

Structure, Function, and Applications of the Georgetown-Einstein (GE) Breast Cancer Simulation Model.

Background: The Georgetown University-Albert Einstein College of Medicine breast cancer simulation model (Model GE) has evolved over time in structure and function to reflect advances in knowledge about breast cancer, improvements in early detection and treatment technology, and progress in computing resources. This article describes the model and provides examples of model applications.

Methods: The model is a discrete events microsimulation of single-life histories of women from multiple birth cohorts.

Using Collaborative Simulation Modeling to Develop a Web-Based Tool to Support Policy-Level Decision Making About Breast Cancer Screening Initiation Age.

Background: There are no publicly available tools designed specifically to assist policy makers to make informed decisions about the optimal ages of breast cancer screening initiation for different populations of US women.

Objective: To use three established simulation models to develop a web-based tool called Mammo OUTPuT.

Methods: The simulation models use the 1970 US birth cohort and common parameters for incidence, digital screening performance, and treatment effects.