Lower-limb muscle responses evoked with noisy vibrotactile foot sole stimulation.

Aim: Cutaneous feedback from the foot sole contributes to the control of standing balance in two ways: it provides perceptual awareness of tactile perturbations at the interface with the ground (e.g., shifts in the pressure distribution, slips, etc.

Frequency characteristics of human muscle and cortical responses evoked by noisy Achilles tendon vibration.

Noisy stimuli, along with linear systems analysis, have proven to be effective for mapping functional neural connections. We explored the use of noisy (10-115 Hz) Achilles tendon vibration to examine somatosensory reflexes in the triceps surae muscles in standing healthy young adults ( = 8). We also examined the association between noisy vibration and electrical activity recorded over the sensorimotor cortex using electroencephalography.