Publications by authors named "Aiman Q Khan"

Article Synopsis
  • Higher rates of adult heart failure are linked to individuals born preterm or with poor fetal growth, often influenced by adverse maternal conditions and the need for oxygen therapy post-birth.
  • Research using a mouse model evaluated the impact of maternal inflammation and oxygen exposure on cardiac health, revealing sex differences in the progression of heart issues by 10 months.
  • Results showed that early changes in heart-related proteins can indicate potential heart problems in adulthood, especially more severe in males, suggesting these patterns might also apply to humans, particularly in infants with growth restrictions.
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Background: Little is known about the immune responses during acute asthma exacerbation. In this study, we examined immune responses in children following an acute asthma exacerbation.

Methods: We evaluated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and gene expression profiles in blood samples from pediatric patients admitted for acute asthma exacerbation.

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DNA methylation is necessary for developmental gene regulation, but adverse environments result in aberrant methylation and gene silencing. The current pilot study tested the hypothesis that treatment with DNA methylation inhibitors (decitabine; RG108) would improve alveolarization in a newborn murine model of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Newborn mice exposed to maternal inflammation (LPS) and neonatal hyperoxia (85% O) were treated with decitabine (p3, 0.

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Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease with progressive deterioration. Recently, CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies were introduced that repair underlying protein defects. Objective of this study was to determine the impact of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) on clinical parameters and inflammatory responses in people with CF (pwCF).

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Background: Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that functions via direct cell-cell contact. The Notch ligand Jagged1 (Jag1) has been extensively studied in vascular development, particularly for its role in smooth muscle cell maturation. Endothelial cell-expressed Jag1 is essential for blood vessel formation by signaling to nascent vascular smooth muscle cells and promoting their differentiation.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The study explored how acute and chronic allergen exposures (using ovalbumin and mixed allergens) affect asthma features and corticosteroid sensitivity, revealing that corticosteroids were less effective in chronic models.
  • * Results showed that chronic allergen exposure led to persistent type 2 immune responses and airway issues, highlighting the need to understand these mechanisms better to improve treatment for type 2-high severe asthma.
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Severe asthma is characterized by steroid insensitivity and poor symptom control and is responsible for most asthma-related hospital costs. Therapeutic options remain limited, in part due to limited understanding of mechanisms driving severe asthma. Increased arginine methylation, catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), is increased in human asthmatic lungs.

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  • A double-blind, randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of fatty acid (FA) supplementation on children aged 2 to under 6 years diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
  • Participants received either an FA supplement with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids or a placebo for 90 days, with blood samples collected to measure fatty acid and cytokine levels.
  • The treatment led to increased omega-3 and omega-6 levels and reduced IL-2 cytokine levels, showing good tolerance and adherence, paving the way for future studies on its impact on ASD symptoms.
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Pregnancy and parturition involve extensive changes in the maternal immune system. In our randomized, multi-site, double-blind superiority trial using a Bayesian adaptive design, we demonstrated that 1000 mg/day of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was superior to 200 mg/day in preventing both early preterm birth (less than 34 weeks' gestation) and preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation). The goal of this secondary study is to compare the effects of 1000 mg/day versus 200 mg/day on maternal inflammation, a possible mechanism by which DHA may prevent preterm birth.

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The growing incidence of melanoma is a serious public health issue that merits a thorough understanding of potential causative risk factors, which includes exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Though UVR has been classified as a complete carcinogen and has long been recognized for its ability to damage genomic DNA through both direct and indirect means, the precise mechanisms by which the UVA and UVB components of UVR contribute to the pathogenesis of melanoma have not been clearly defined. In this review, we therefore highlight recent studies that have addressed roles for UVA radiation in the generation of DNA damage and in modulating the subsequent cellular responses to DNA damage in melanocytes, which are the cell type that gives rise to melanoma.

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