Preserved Visual Acuity in Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Secondary to Giant Cell (temporal) Arteritis.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and clinical profile of patients with biopsy-proven arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy presenting with preserved visual acuity of 20/40 or better and those with an initial poor visual acuity of 20/50 or worse through a retrospective chart review.

Results: Nine of 37 patients with arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy presented with a preserved visual acuity of 20/40 or better in the affected eye. All patients with preserved visual acuity had initial visual field defects that spared the central field.

Medical treatment options for ocular myasthenia gravis.

Purpose Of Review: To update our current concepts of ocular myasthenia gravis medical management and to provide a short overview of upcoming treatments.

Recent Findings: Cholinesterase inhibitors and corticosteroids have been the first-line treatment for ocular myasthenia gravis. Several studies on other immunosuppressants, either as a steroid-sparer, steroid adjuvant or initial monotherapy, have demonstrated significant clinical efficacy.

Pharmacological testing of anisocoria.

Anisocoria, or a difference in pupil size, is a common condition. Its aetiology ranges from benign to life-threatening conditions. The clinical evaluation of anisocoria is discussed, emphasising the pharmacological aids (e.