Traces of pandemic fluoroquinolone-resistant clone ST131 transmitted from human society to aquatic environments and wildlife in Japan.

Transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria among humans, animals, and the environment is a growing concern worldwide. The distribution of an international high-risk fluoroquinolone-resistant clone, ST131, has been documented in clinical settings. However, the transmission of ST131 from humans to surrounding environments remains poorly elucidated.

Oral-to-rectum microbial transmission in orthopedic patients without a history of intestinal disorders.

The enrichment of oral taxa in the gut has recently been reported as a notable alteration in the microbial balance in patients with intestinal disorders. However, translocation in populations without such diseases remains controversial. In this study, we examined 49 pairs of tongue and rectal samples collected from orthopedic patients without a history of intestinal disorders to verify the presence of oral taxa in the rectal microbiota.

Successful radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the mandibular nerve for intractable pain associated with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a case report.

Background: Bisphosphonates may cause serious adverse events, including osteonecrosis of the jaw. This article describes a case of successful application of radiofrequency thermocoagulation for pain caused by osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Case Presentation: An 86-year-old woman who had received alendronate sodium hydrate for osteoporosis was diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the right mandible after dental treatment.

Recovery of memory retention after anesthesia with remimazolam: an exploratory, randomized, open, propofol-controlled, single-center clinical trial.

Purpose: Remimazolam, a newly developed ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, provides early recovery of consciousness but its effects on memory recovery are unclear. This study examined memory recovery after emergence from general anesthesia using remimazolam.

Methods: Seventy-four patients undergoing breast surgery between October 2021 and March 2022 were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive propofol (control group) or remimazolam as general anesthetic during surgery.

Safety and utility of ultrasound-guided superior cervical ganglion block for headaches and orofacial pain: a retrospective, single-center study of 10 patients.

Background: Several new ultrasound-guided superior cervical ganglia blocks (U-SCGBs) have been proposed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional superior cervical ganglia blocks; however, their clinical utility and practicality have not yet been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and utility of a new method of U-SCGB.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data on patients who underwent U-SCGB for the treatment of headaches and orofacial pain at a single center.

Cervical selective nerve root injection alleviates chronic refractory pain after brachial plexus avulsion: a case report.

Background: Intractable chronic pain, as well as motor, sensory, and autonomic neuropathy, significantly reduces the quality of life of brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) patients. We report the successful application of cervical selective nerve root injection (CSNRI) in a patient with BPA.

Case Presentation: A 40-year-old man had been diagnosed with complete left BPA due to a motorcycle accident and underwent intercostal nerve transplantation at the age of 18 years and had been experiencing pain ever since.

Treatment of trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia in an adolescent: a case report.

Background: Hyperactive dysfunction syndrome (HDS) refers to a constellation of symptoms developing from cranial nerve overactivity caused by neurovascular compression at the root entry or exit zone near the brainstem. Although the combined features of HDS are seen in the elderly, there are no reports of such cases in adolescents, to date.

Case Presentation: A 17-year-old male was diagnosed with right glossopharyngeal neuralgia and treated with microvascular decompression.

1-kHz high-frequency spinal cord stimulation alleviates chronic refractory pain after spinal cord injury: a case report.

Background: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently complain of intractable pain that is resistant to conservative treatments. Here, we report the successful application of 1-kHz high-frequency spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in a patient with refractory neuropathic pain secondary to SCI.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old male diagnosed with SCI (C4 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A) presented with severe at-level bilateral upper extremity neuropathic pain.

Spinal cord stimulation alleviates intractable pain due to malignant pleural mesothelioma: a case report.

Background: Patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) frequently complain of intractable pain that is resistant to conservative treatments. Although spinal cord stimulation (SCS) may be promising in the alleviation of such devastating pain, the effects of SCS on MPM-associated pain and the appropriate timing of its application remain unknown.

Case Presentation: A 66-year-old man diagnosed with MPM presented with severe neuropathic pain due to rapid progression of the tumor to the intercostal nerves.

Enhancement of GABAergic tonic currents by midazolam and noradrenaline in rat substantia gelatinosa neurons in vitro.

Background: Substantia gelatinosa of the spinal dorsal horn is crucial for transmission and modification of noxious stimuli. Previous studies have demonstrated that intrathecal midazolam, a benzodiazepine agonist, enhanced perioperative analgesia. Not only synaptic but also extrasynaptic inhibitory currents contribute to modification of noxious stimuli.