Anatomical variations of the great saphenous vein at the saphenofemoral junction. A cadaveric study and narrative review of the literature.

Objectives: The great saphenous vein is the lower limb's longest and thickest-walled superficial vein. Its anatomy is complex, while its anatomical variations are widespread. This study aimed to illustrate the anatomy and variations of the great saphenous vein at the saphenofemoral junction.

Primary Bone Lymphoma: A Review of the Literature with Emphasis on Histopathology and Histogenesis.

Primary bone lymphoma (PBL) is a rare neoplasm of malignant lymphoid cells presenting with one or more bone lesions without nodal or other extranodal involvement. It accounts for approximately 1% of all lymphomas and 7% of malignant primary bone tumors. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified (NOS) represents the predominant histological type and constitutes over 80% of all cases.

Prevalence and risk factors of phlebosclerosis in the great saphenous vein.

Objectives: Phlebosclerosis is a fibrous degeneration of the vein wall, predominantly the intima, with or without calcification. The prevalence and etiology of phlebosclerosis of the great saphenous vein are not well documented. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and define the risk factors of phlebosclerosis of the great saphenous vein.

Surgical tips and techniques to avoid complications of thyroid surgery.

Objectives: Surgery of the thyroid takes place in a body part with complicated anatomy and several vital physiologic functions. Thyroidectomy is rarely associated with mortality but can be followed by significant complications, (i.e.

Thyroid surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: difficulties - how to improve.

In December 2019, the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization after rapidly spreading over the world in just a few months. All elective operations and nonemergency treatments have been postponed worldwide. However, some patients require surgical therapy as well, and the time spent waiting should not have a negative impact on the surgical outcome or disease course.

Can maternal hormones play a significant role in delivery mode?

The aim of this study was primarily to evaluate the levels of progesterone, oestradiol and relaxin during different delivery modes and secondarily to assess specific traits and changes in maternal pelvic dimensions during pregnancy and childbirth, in correlation with foetal size and maternal hormonal profile. Nulliparous women ( = 448) were evaluated at three different stages, during first trimester, at the time of admission for childbirth and finally just before childbirth. Each examination included clinical internal pelvimetry, blood sample collection for defining the hormones levels in peripheral maternal circulation and ultrasonographic measurements of specific variables of the pubic symphysis and the foetus.

Osteoid Osteoma: An Updated Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Radiological Features, and Treatment Option.

Osteoid osteoma, the third most common benign bone tumor, usually occurs in the cortex of long bones. It consists of a radiolucent nidus surrounded by reactive osteosclerosis. Generally, osteoid osteoma affects young males.

Osteochondromas: An Updated Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Radiological Features and Treatment Options.

Osteochondroma, the most common benign bone tumor, is a projection on the external surface of the bone, which can be sessile or pedunculated. 85% of osteochondromas present as solitary lesions, while 15% occur in the context of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), a genetic disorder that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Although often asymptomatic, symptoms may eventuate from compression of adjacent vessels or nerves, fractures, osseous deformities, bursa formation, or malignant transformation.

Primary Epiploic Appendagitis Mimicking Acute Appendicitis: A Case Report and Narrative Review of the Literature.

Primary epiploic appendagitis is uncommon and is estimated to induce 1.1-1.3% of all abdominal pain.

Phlebosclerosis in lower extremities veins - a systematic review.

Phlebosclerosis is a venous wall degenerative disease which has gained little popularity in the literature due to its uncertain clinical significance. The objective of this review is to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology and clinical significance of phlebosclerosis in lower extremities veins, particularly the effect of preexisting phlebosclerosis of the great saphenous vein on vein graft patency. Medline was searched from inception until November 1, 2019.

Correlation of the Hallux Sesamoids' Orientation with Various Anatomical Parameters in Patients with Hallux Valgus Deformity.

Introduction An awareness of the anatomical parameters of the foot such as the position and orientation of the sesamoid bones can be of great value for the etiology and diagnostic approach to patients with hallux valgus (HV). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the basic anatomical features and measurements related to the characteristics of HV in cadaveric material. Materials and methods The study sample included 12 cadaveric limbs with HV and 10 cadaveric limbs without HV as a control group.

Surgical Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis A Review.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a heterogeneous group of conditions encompassing all forms of unknown origin arthritis before the age of 16 years that persist for more than 6 weeks. It is the most common rheumatic disease in young patients and causes severe disabilities, thus an early initiation of the appropriate treatment modalities is necessary. First therapeutic options are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and conventional non-biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, such as methotrexate.

The contribution of the medial retinaculum as a restraining factor to the patella dislocation.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the medial retinaculum to the stability of the patella, for several angles of knee flexion. For six cadaveric knees, the patella and patella retinaculum were exposed, and the force required to dislocate the patella laterally by 5 mm was measured, in 0, 45 and 90 degrees of knee flexion, preserving and dissecting the medial retinaculum. Wilcoxon singed rank test (SPSS, version 23, Chicago, USA) was used for data analysis.