Emergence of lung cancer with a low PD-L1 expression level after the administration of immune check point inhibitor for lung adenocarcinoma with a high PD-L1 expression level: A case report.

Background: Checkpoint therapy against PD-1 has proven effective and positive results have been observed in several types of cancer, including lung cancer, renal cancer, lymphoma and melanoma. However, the effects of long-term ICI treatment remain insufficient and the development of resistance is an issue that remains to be solved.

Case Presentation: A 70-year-old man was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (stage IVB, T4N3M1c) with a high programmed death ligand-1 (PDL1) expression level (tumor proportion score [TPS]: 80% score at the time of the diagnosis, before treatment).

Higher Tumor Mutation Burden and Higher PD-L1 Activity Predicts the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment in a Patient With Four Lung Cancers. A Case Report.

We experienced a patient who had four lung cancers with different pathological features, with the most advanced being diagnosed as pStage IIA. A month after the resection, the original lung cancer had metastasized to the lung and to the liver. Of the original lung cancers that were resected, the biggest adenocarcinoma of S3 showed 50 × 31 × 17 mm (invasion 50 mm) and pT2bN0M0 (pStage IIA) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (-) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation (-), but expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) (+) tumor proportion score (TPS) 80%.

Thoracoscopic small pulmonary nodule detection using computed tomography-guided cutaneous marking and pleural marking.

Background: In recent years, small lung nodules have been detected by computed tomography (CT). Wedge resection of small pulmonary nodules is widely performed with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). However, it is extremely difficult to identify the position of a small tumor by palpation using a small access port.

Indocyanine green fluorescence-guided thoracoscopic pulmonary resection for intralobar pulmonary sequestration: a case report.

Background: The potential complications of pulmonary sequestration are serious and may include recurrent pulmonary infection, hemoptysis, and tumorigenesis. Therefore, the gold standard of treatment has been surgery. Although an adequate boundary between the nonfunctional lung and normal lung is required for the resection of pulmonary sequestration, the boundaries have been conventionally identified intraoperatively with inflation/deflation of the target segment by clamping and unclamping the relevant bronchus.

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Can Differentiate between Malignant and Benign Pleural Diseases.

It is not clear whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for the assessment of pleural diseases. The aim of this study is to determine whether diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) can differentiate malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) from pleural dissemination of lung cancer, empyema or pleural effusion. The DWI was calibrated with the b value of 0 and 800 s/mm.

What is the allowed volume threshold for chest tube removal after lobectomy: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: The management of chest tubes and the volume threshold for chest tube removal after pulmonary resection remain controversial. Several studies have reported the volume threshold for chest tube removal following pulmonary resection to range from 200 to 450 mL/24 h.

Methods: A prospective randomized single-blind clinical study was performed with data collected from patients who had undergone lobectomy and lymph node dissection at our hospital between June 2014 and April 2018.

Lung cancer combined with methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder: A case report.

Introduction: Methotrexate (MTX)-associated lymphoproliferative disorder occurs in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with MTX; however, patients with concomitant pulmonary lesions are rare. We present a case of lung cancer combined with MTX-associated lymphoproliferative disorder for which, for which it was necessary to differentiate these from possible pulmonary metastasis.

Presentation Of A Case: A 72-year-old man was referred to our hospital for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in the left upper bronchus.

Low-dose indocyanine green fluorescence-navigated segmentectomy: prospective analysis of 20 cases and review of previous reports.

Background: A technique of visualizing the demarcation line based with indocyanine green (ICG) was recently developed, and its utility was reported. We demonstrated the safety and utility of low-dose (5 mg/body) ICG fluorescence-navigated video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy.

Methods: Patients who had undergone lung segmentectomy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small pulmonary metastasis were included in this study.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is useful for the response evaluation of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy to recurrent lesions of lung cancer.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) has been reported to be useful for the assessment of lung cancer staging. It is uncertain whether DWI is more accurate for the response evaluation of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy compared to computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study is to compare the response evaluation of DWI for chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy to recurrent tumors of lung cancer with that of CT which is a standard tool in RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours).

[Lung Adenosquamous Cell Carcinoma in which the Administration of Nivolumab Became Untenable due to Bleeding from Small Intestine Metastasis].

A 59-year-old man who had postoperative recurrence of lung adenosquamous cell carcinoma was administered nivolumab as 3rd-line chemotherapy. Although nivolumab was considered effective, bleeding from a metastatic lesion at the jejunum was recognized by double-balloon enteroscopy, and partial resection was performed. Although the re-administration of nivolumab was planned, the patient died of acute respiratory failure 6 days postoperatively.

Müllerian cyst in posterior mediastinum: A report of a case.

Introduction: A Müllerian cyst is a recently defined rare benign tumor of the posterior mediastinum. It is necessary to distinguish it from neurogenic tumor or bronchogenic cyst arising in the posterior mediastinum. Herein, we have reported and reviewed a case of Müllerian cyst in the light of the existing literature.

Expression and Prognostic Impact of VEGF, CD31 and αSMA in Resected Primary Lung Cancers.

Background/aim: One of the most important factors concerning cancer growth is angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship of maturation of tumor vessels and prognosis of lung cancer.

Materials And Methods: Immunohistochemical stainings of 125 lung cancers for VEGF, CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) were scored by multiplying the intensity and the frequency from 0 to 12.

FDG-PET/CT and diffusion-weighted imaging for resected lung cancer: correlation of maximum standardized uptake value and apparent diffusion coefficient value with prognostic factors.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is useful for detecting malignant tumors and the assessment of lymph nodes, as FDG-PET/CT is. But it is not clear how DWI influences the prognosis of lung cancer patients. The focus of this study is to evaluate the correlations between maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of FDG-PET/CT and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of DWI with known prognostic factors in resected lung cancer.

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema predicts recurrence following surgery in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). We investigated the association between CPFE, the cancer survival, and the pathological features of clinical stage I NSCLC patients. Between 2005 and 2014, 218 consecutive patients with clinical stage I NSCLC underwent complete resection with systematic lymph node dissection.

Prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and histologic subtypes with lung adenocarcinoma.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status has become one of the most important factors in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. However, the relationship between EGFR mutation and the histologic subtype of lung adenocarcinoma remains to be fully elucidated. We examined the relationship between the predominant subtype of adenocarcinoma and the prognosis and investigated the correlation between a new subtype of adenocarcinoma and EGFR mutations.