Massive haemoptysis in a woman with left lower lobe pulmonary artery interruption-A rare clinical presentation.

Proximal interruption of the pulmonary artery (PA) is a rare congenital vascular anomaly with varying presentation. These patients can be asymptomatic or symptomatic with breathlessness, haemoptysis, recurrent chest infections and pulmonary hypertension. Here, we present a patient who presented with massive haemoptysis secondary to interruption of the left lower lobe PA.

Immunohistochemical investigation of cytokine expression levels as biomarkers in transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy specimens of prostate adenocarcinoma.

Cytokines influence the biological behaviour of prostate cancer (PC) and may influence patient outcome and serve as useful prognostic biomarkers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate cytokine expression levels in prostatic needle biopsy specimens and the association with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with PC. A total of 18 patients with PC who underwent transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy were included in the clinical study.

Levels of plasma cytokine in patients undergoing neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy and external beam radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) alone or in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is most common non-operative treatments for localised prostate cancer (PC). Some circulatory cytokines are believed to play an important role in RT resistance and lead to tumour progression, invasion, and angiogenesis. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of ADT and RT on the expression of circulatory cytokines levels in plasma at different time points.

Skin and soft tissue infection caused by spp. in Australia.

Fungi from the order Entomophthorales are rare but well recognized cause of tropical fungal infection, typically causing subcutaneous truncal or limb lesions in immunocompetent hosts. They may also mimic malignancy by causing intrabdominal mass, sometimes resulting in obstructive gastrointestinal or renal presentations. A 4-year-old female presented with a progressively growing abdominal wall lesion over several months, developing into acute inflammation of the abdominal wall with systemic symptoms.

Cytokines expression levels from tissue, plasma or serum as promising clinical biomarkers in adenocarcinoma of the prostate: a systematic review of recent findings.

Prostate cancer (PC) is a common cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) in men in many parts of the world, although incidence and mortality rates vary significantly by population. In current medical practice, prognostic markers for PC include the presenting serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, tumour Gleason score (GS) and clinical tumour stage. However, existing pre-treatment factors cannot be used to predict acute radiotherapy (RT)-induced toxicity.

Pulmonary cryptococcal infection presenting with multiple lung nodules.

Pulmonary infections from the environmental fungus () are notable for cryptococcomas, which are usually solitary and can be very large. As with infections with patients can have concomitant cryptococcal meningitis; however, unlike for infections with often occur in immunocompetent patients. The highest published incidence of infection has been in the Indigenous Australian population of Arnhem Land in the tropical north of the country.