Exogenous nitric oxide extends longevity in cut flowers by orchestrating biochemical and molecular aspects.

Senescence represents a developmentally orchestrated and precisely regulated cascade of events, culminating in the abscission of plant organs and ultimately leading to the demise of the plant or its constituent parts. In this study, we observed that senescence in cut Lilium tigrinum flowers is induced by elevated ABA levels and the hyperactivation of lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. This cascade increased ROS concentrations, heightened oxidative damage, and disrupted cellular redox equilibrium.

Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Bioactive Compound Diversity in Organs of Saffron Flower.

Saffron stigma, derived from Crocus sativus L., has long been revered in global traditional medicine and continues to hold significant market value. However, despite the extensive focus on saffron stigma, the therapeutic potential of other floral components remains underexplored, primarily due to limited insights into their complex molecular architectures and chemical diversity.

Genome-wide association analysis to delineate high-quality SNPs for seed micronutrient density in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).

Chickpea is the most important nutrient-rich grain legume crop in the world. A diverse core set of 147 chickpea genotypes was genotyped with a Axiom(®)50K CicerSNP array and trait phenotyped in two different environments for four seed micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn). The trait data and high-throughput 50K SNP genotypic data were used for the genome-wide association study (GWAS).

SSR markers in revealing extent of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among chickpea core collection accessions for Western Himalayas.

Background: The exploration of genetic diversity is the key source of germplasm conservation and potential to broaden its genetic base. The globally growing demand for chickpea suggests superior/climate-resilient varieties, which in turn necessitates the germplasm characterization to unravel underlying genetic variation.

Methodology And Results: A chickpea core collection comprising of diverse 192 accessions which include cultivated Cicer arietinum, and wild C.

Development and validation of a reverse phase HPLC-DAD method for separation, detection & quantification of rutin and quercetin in buckwheat ( spp).

Buckwheat has tremendous nutraceutical potential owing to its rutin and quercetin content. The aim of this study was to optimise and validate an analytical method for separating and quantifying these two flavonoids from it. Factors, such as range, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantification, were evaluated for the two compounds using high performance liquid chromatography.

Random mutagenesis in vegetatively propagated crops: opportunities, challenges and genome editing prospects.

In order to meet the growing human food and nutrition demand a perpetual process of crop improvement is idealized. It has seen changing trends and varying concepts throughout human history; from simple selection to complex gene-editing. Among these techniques, random mutagenesis has been shown to be a promising technology to achieve desirable genetic gain with less time and minimal efforts.

Promoting the accumulation of scopolamine and hyoscyamine in Hyoscyamus niger L. through EMS based mutagenesis.

The overexploitation of medicinal plants is depleting gene pool at an alarming rate. In this scenario inducing the genetic variability through targeted mutations could be beneficial in generating varieties with increased content of active compounds. The present study aimed to develop a reproducible protocol for in vitro multiplication and mutagenesis of Hyoscyamus niger targeting putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) and 6β-hydroxy hyoscyamine (H6H) genes of alkaloid biosynthetic pathway.

Development of an efficient in vitro mutagenesis protocol for genetic improvement of saffron ( L.).

Saffron ( L) is a triploid (2n = 3x = 24), sterile geophyte which can only be propagated by means of underground vegetative corms. Since corm multiplication does not induce genome variations, therefore, the entire saffron population is expected to have a similar genetic makeup. Keeping in view the economic importance of the plant and the factors responsible for its low yield, the present investigation has been undertaken to establish an in vitro ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis protocol followed by characterization of the induced variability in the advanced generations.

Linkage disequilibrium based association mapping of micronutrients in common bean ( L.): a collection of Jammu & Kashmir, India.

Micronutrient deficiencies are of major concern in human health and plant metabolism. Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), iodine (I), selenium (Se) are regarded as micronutrients having major impact on human health. More than 50% of populations mainly from developing countries are suffering from one or the other micronutrient malnutrition.

Aquaporins as potential drought tolerance inducing proteins: Towards instigating stress tolerance.

Aquaporins (AQPs) are primarily involved in maintaining cellular water homeostasis. Their role in diverse physiological processes has fascinated plant scientists for more than a decade, particularly concerning abiotic stresses. Increasing examples of evidence in various crop plants indicate that the AQPs are responsible for precise regulation of water movement and consequently play a crucial role in the drought stress tolerance.

Cytogenetic effects of three commercially formulated pesticides on somatic and germ cells of Allium cepa.

Cytological effects of Endosri-ES (endosulfan), Nuvan-NU (dichlorvos), and Kvistin-KS (carbendazim) were evaluated on mitotic and meiotic cells of Allium cepa. Test concentrations were chosen by calculating EC50 values of formulated ES, NU, and KS, which turned to be 60, 200, and 500 ppm (parts per million), respectively. Cytological studies were undertaken on root meristem cells of A.

Elevated expression of Rad18 regulates melanoma cell proliferation.

The E3 ligase Rad18 is a key regulator for the lesion bypass pathway, which plays an important role in genomic stability. However, the status of Rad18 expression in melanoma is not known. Using melanoma tissue microarray (TMA), we showed that nuclear Rad18 expression was upregulated in primary and metastatic melanoma compared to dysplastic nevi.

Prognostic significance of Sox4 expression in human cutaneous melanoma and its role in cell migration and invasion.

The Sox4 transcription factor is involved in various cellular processes, such as embryonic development and differentiation. Deregulated expression of Sox4 in several human cancers has been reported to date, but its role in melanoma is unknown. We explored the role of Sox4 in melanoma pathogenesis in vivo and in vitro.

The NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 induces cell cycle progression and proliferation of melanoma cells.

The oxidoreductase NQO1 plays a prominent role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis. NQO1 is mainly a cytosolic enzyme which catalyzes the metabolism of quinones and is present in almost all tissue types providing protection against different stresses including xenobiotics, oxidants, UV light, and ionizing radiation. This enzyme is overexpressed in many cancerous tissues and its function in carcinogenesis remains unclear.

Analysis of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses in complex I deficient patients revealed a specific increase in superoxide dismutase activity.

The mechanism of free radical production by complex I deficiency is ill-defined, although it is of significant contemporary interest. This study studied the ROS production and antioxidant defenses in children with mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase deficiency. ROS production has remained significantly elevated in patients compared to controls.

Analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences in childhood encephalomyopathies reveals new disease-associated variants.

Background: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of clinical disorders generally caused due to mutations in either mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear genes encoding oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). We analyzed the mtDNA sequences from a group of 23 pediatric patients with clinical and morphological features of mitochondrial encephalopathies and tried to establish a relationship of identified variants with the disease.

Methodology/principle Findings: Complete mitochondrial genomes were amplified by PCR and sequenced by automated DNA sequencing.

Phylogenetic analysis of methanogenic enrichment cultures obtained from Lonar Lake in India: isolation of Methanocalculus sp. and Methanoculleus sp.

The diversity of methanogenic archaea in enrichment cultures established from the sediments of Lonar Lake (India), a soda lake having pH approximately 10, was investigated using 16S rDNA molecular phylogenetic approach. Methanogenic enrichment cultures were developed in a medium that simulated conditions of soda lake with three different substrates viz., H(2):CO(2), sodium acetate, and trimethylamine (TMA), at alkaline pH.

Molecular analyses of microbial diversity associated with the Lonar soda lake in India: an impact crater in a basalt area.

The prokaryotic diversity associated with an Indian soda lake (Lonar Crater Lake) located in a basaltic soil area was investigated using a culture-independent approach. Community DNA was extracted directly from four sediment samples obtained by coring to depths of 10-20 cm. Small subunit rRNA genes (16S rDNA) were amplified by PCR using primers specific to the domains Bacteria and Archaea.

Description of two new cathepsin C gene mutations in patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome.

Background: Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal disorder characterized by severe periodontitis and palmar plantar hyperkeratosis (PPK). PLS is caused by mutations in the cathepsin C (CTSC) gene. Dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) encoded by the CTSC locus removes dipeptides from the amino terminus of the protein substrate and mainly plays an important role in immune and inflammatory processes.