Chronic aluminium chloride exposure induces redox imbalance, metabolic distress, DNA damage, and histopathologic alterations in Wistar rat liver.

Aluminium, a ubiquitous environmental toxicant, is distinguished for eliciting a broad range of physiological, biochemical, and behavioural alterations in laboratory animals and humans. The present work was conducted to study the functional and structural changes induced by aluminium in rat liver. Twenty five adult male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were randomly divided into five groups; control group and four Al-treated groups viz: Al 1 (25 mg AlCl/kg b.

Zizyphus mauritiana seed extract: Paving the way for next-generation bone constructs with nano-fluorohydroxyapatite/carboxymethyl chitosan nanocomposite scaffold.

This is the first study that explored the potential use of Zizyphus mauritiana seed extract (ZSE) to synthesize nano-fluorohydroxyapatite/carboxymethyl chitosan nanocomposite scaffolds at different concentrations (CFZ1, CFZ2 and CFZ3) using co-precipitation method. The proposed scaffolds showed presence of intermolecular H bonding interactions between the constituents, according to the FTIR. The mechanical studies revealed shore hardness of 72 ± 4.

Nickel-induced oxidative stress causes cell death in testicles: implications for male infertility.

Aligarh region is well known for its lock industry. This lock industry utilises nickel for electroplating. There have been informal reports of infertility in men and women living near the lock industry.

Pentachlorophenol-induced hemotoxicity diminishes antioxidant potential and oxidizes proteins, thiols, and lipids in rat blood: An in vivo study.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an excessively used wood preservative and pesticide, which has resulted in human exposure raising concerns about its potential toxic effects. This study is designed to evaluate the hemotoxicity of PCP in adult rats. Wistar rats were orally administered PCP (25-150 mg/kg bw) for five days while untreated (control) rats received corn oil.

Oral administration of curcumin and gallic acid alleviates pentachlorophenol-induced oxidative damage in rat intestine.

Introduction: Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is used as pesticide and wood preservative. We have previously shown that PCP causes oxidative damage in rat intestine.

Aim: This study aimed to delineate the possible therapeutic potential of curcumin (CUR) and gallic acid (GA) against PCP-induced damage in rat intestine.

Potential of siRNA-Bearing Subtilosomes in the Treatment of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Therapeutics, based on small interfering RNA (siRNA), have demonstrated tremendous potential for treating cancer. However, issues such as non-specific targeting, premature degradation, and the intrinsic toxicity of the siRNA, have to be solved before they are ready for use in translational medicines. To address these challenges, nanotechnology-based tools might help to shield siRNA and ensure its specific delivery to the target site.

Pentachlorophenol causes redox imbalance, inhibition of brush border membrane and metabolic enzymes, DNA damage and histological alterations in rat kidney.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a synthetic organochlorine compound that is widely used in biocide and pesticide industries, and in preservation of wood, fence posts, cross arms and power line poles. Humans are usually exposed to PCP through air, contaminated water and food. PCP enters the body and adversely affects liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney and lungs.

Orally fed EGCG coronate food released TiO and enhanced penetrability into body organs via gut.

Owing to unique nano-scale properties, TiO-NPs (T-NPs) are employed as food-quality enhancers in >900 processed food products. Whereas, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol is consumed in traditional brewed tea, globally. Taken together, we aimed to investigate whether human gastric-acid digested T-NPs and complex tea catechins yield ionic species (Ti Ti etc.

Dosimetric analysis of intracavitary brachytherapy applicators: a practical study.

Purpose: Intracavitary brachytherapy is one of the important methods of gynecological cancer treatment. The effect of attenuation is not considered in the dose calculation method released by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group No. 43 Report (TG-43).

Oral Administration of Copper Chloride Damages DNA, Lowers Antioxidant Defense, Alters Metabolic Status, and Inhibits Membrane Bound Enzymes in Rat Kidney.

Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal that is widely used in industries and is also an essential micronutrient for living beings. However, excess Cu is toxic and human exposure to high levels of this metal results in numerous adverse health effects. We have investigated the effect of oral administration of copper chloride (CuCl), a Cu(II) compound, on various parameters of oxidative stress, cellular metabolism, and DNA integrity in the rat kidney.

Oral administration of pentachlorophenol impairs antioxidant system, inhibits enzymes of brush border membrane, causes DNA damage and histological changes in rat intestine.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a broad spectrum biocide that has many domestic and industrial applications. PCP enters the environment due to its wide use, especially as a wood preservative. Human exposure to PCP is through contaminated water and adulterated food products.

Oral administration of thiram inhibits brush border membrane enzymes, oxidizes proteins and thiols, impairs redox system and causes histological changes in rat intestine: A dose dependent study.

Pesticides are extensively employed worldwide, especially in agriculture to control weeds, insect infestation and diseases. Besides their targets, pesticides can also affect the health of non-target organisms, including humans The present study was conducted to study the effect of oral exposure of thiram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide, on the intestine of rats. Male rats were administered thiram at doses of 100, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight for 4 days.

Copper chloride inhibits brush border membrane enzymes, alters antioxidant and metabolic status and damages DNA in rat intestine: a dose-dependent study.

Copper (Cu) is an extensively used heavy metal and an indispensible micronutrient for living beings. However, Cu is also toxic and exerts multiple adverse health effects when humans are exposed to high levels of this metal. We have examined the effect of single acute oral dose of copper chloride (CuCl) on parameters of oxidative stress, cellular metabolism, membrane and DNA damage in rat intestine.

Tremor after long term lithium treatment; is it cortical myoclonus?

Introduction: Tremor is a common side effect of treatment with lithium. Its characteristics can vary and when less rhythmical, distinction from myoclonus can be difficult.

Methods: We identified 8 patients on long-term treatment with lithium that developed upper limb tremor.

Ameliorative effect of carnosine and N-acetylcysteine against sodium nitrite induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

The widespread use of sodium nitrite (NaNO ) for various industrial purposes has increased human exposure to alarmingly high levels of nitrate/nitrite. Because NaNO is a strong oxidizing agent, induction of oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms by which it can exert toxicity in humans and animals. We have investigated the possible protection offered by carnosine (CAR) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against NaNO -induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Acute renal toxicity of sodium chlorate: Redox imbalance, enhanced DNA damage, metabolic alterations and inhibition of brush border membrane enzymes in rats.

Sodium chlorate (NaClO ) is widely used in paper and pulp industries and as a non-selective herbicide. Humans can be exposed to NaClO through contaminated drinking water due to its improper and unchecked usage in industries and as herbicide. NaClO is also present as a major stable by-product in drinking water that has been disinfected with chlorine dioxide.

Protective effect of carnosine and N-acetylcysteine against sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in rat intestine.

The widespread use of sodium nitrite (NaNO) as food preservative, rampant use of nitrogenous fertilizers for agricultural practices, and improper disposal of nitrogenous wastes have drastically increased human exposure to high nitrite levels causing various health disorders and death. In the present study, the protective effect of carnosine and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against NaNO-induced intestinal toxicity in rats was investigated. Animals were given a single acute oral dose of NaNO at 60 mg/kg body weight with or without prior administration of either carnosine at 100 mg/kg body weight/day for 7 days or NAC at 100 mg/kg body weight/day for 5 days.

Oral Nigella sativa oil and thymoquinone administration ameliorates the effect of long-term cisplatin treatment on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane, and antioxidant defense in rat intestine.

We have previously shown that oral administration of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) ameliorates the deleterious gastrointestinal effects of cisplatin (CP), administered as a single dose. Since a typical clinical CP dosing regimen involves multiple cycles of CP administration in lower doses, in the present study we investigate the protective efficacy of NSO and its major bioactive constituent, thymoquinone (TQ), against multiple-dose CP treatment-induced deleterious biochemical and histological changes in rat intestine. Rats were divided into six groups, viz.

Acute oral dose of sodium nitrite causes redox imbalance and DNA damage in rat kidney.

Sodium nitrite (NaNO ) is widely used as a food additive and preservative in fish and meat products. We have evaluated the effect of a single acute oral dose of NaNO on oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant capacity, and DNA in rat kidney. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and given single oral dose of NaNO at 20, 40, 60, and 75 mg/kg body weight; untreated rats served as the control group.

Oral administration of Nigella sativa oil and thymoquinone attenuates long term cisplatin treatment induced toxicity and oxidative damage in rat kidney.

Cisplatin (CP) is an effective anti-cancer drug which causes remarkable toxicity to the kidney, particularly to proximal tubules, by generating reactive oxygen species. Nigella sativa (NS), commonly known as "black cumin" reduces the progression of various kidney disorders. Thymoquinone (TQ), the major bioactive constituent of NS seeds, has been credited for various pharmacological effects of NS.

Resol based chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite nanoensemble for effective bone tissue engineering.

It is the first report where different amounts of resol resin (RS) were incorporated with chitosan-hydroxyapatite (CHA) to develop a triconstituent nanoensemble CHA-RS(0.5,1,2), via simple co-precipitation method. The results of SEM, TEM, TGA and mechanical analysis revealed irregular interconnected rough morphology with homogenous distribution of needle shaped particles having average size ranging between 12 and 19nm, possessing higher thermal stability and mechanical strength, respectively relative to CHA (binary) nanocomposite.

Acute oral dose of sodium nitrite induces redox imbalance, DNA damage, metabolic and histological changes in rat intestine.

Industrialization and unchecked use of nitrate/nitrite salts for various purposes has increased human exposure to high levels of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) which can act as a pro-oxidant and pro-carcinogen. Oral exposure makes the gastrointestinal tract particularly susceptible to nitrite toxicity. In this work, the effect of administration of a single acute oral dose of NaNO2 on rat intestine was studied.

Sodium chlorate, a major water disinfection byproduct, alters brush border membrane enzymes, carbohydrate metabolism and impairs antioxidant system of Wistar rat intestine.

Sodium chlorate (NaClO ) is a widely used nonselective herbicide. It is also generated as a by-product during disinfection of drinking water by chlorine dioxide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NaClO on rat intestine.

Protective effect of Nigella sativa oil on cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage in rat kidney.

Background: Nephrotoxicity is a severe complication in patients undergoing cisplatin (CP) chemotherapy. Previous studies in our lab have shown that administration of a single dose of CP results in decrease in the activities of brush border membrane (BBM) and free radical scavenging enzymes and induces oxidative stress in rat kidney. Nigella sativa, is one of the most revered medicinal plant known for its numerous health benefits.