Abnormalities in cerebellar subregions' volume and cerebellocerebral structural covariance in autism spectrum disorder.

The cerebellum plays a crucial role in functions, including sensory-motor coordination, cognition, and emotional processing. Compared to the neocortex, the human cerebellum exhibits a protracted developmental trajectory. This delayed developmental timeline may lead to increased sensitivity of the cerebellum to external influences, potentially extending the vulnerability period for neurological disorders.

The Intelligence Structures of School-Age Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in China.

Purpose: There is no consensus on whether cognitive measures among attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes exhibit more similarities or differences, and most of them have been conducted on English-speaking subjects, lacking cross-cultural perspectives. The present study was aimed at investigating the intelligence structures of school-age children with ADHD who speak Chinese, using a multicenter and large sample size approach, offering some references for clinicians.

Patients And Methods: 772 children aged 6 to 12 years with ADHD took part in the cross-sectional study.

Transcranial low-level laser stimulation in the near-infrared-II region (1064 nm) for brain safety in healthy humans.

Background: The use of near-infrared lasers for transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) offers a non-invasive method for influencing brain activity and is beneficial for various neurological conditions. However, comprehensive quantitative studies on its safety are lacking.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the safety of 1064-nm laser-based tPBM across brain structure, brain function, neural damage, cognitive ability and tolerance.

Health-related quality of life and subjective well-being among children aged 9-12 years in Shandong Province, China.

Purpose: To investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and subjective well-being (SWB) of children aged 9-12 years in eastern China, and examine concordance within child self-reported and parent proxy-assessed.

Methods: Data was collected from 9 to 12 years old children (including their parents) in Shandong Province in 2018. Participants self-completed a hard-copy questionnaire including Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)™ 4.

Spatial Responses of Ecosystem Service Trade-offs and Synergies to Impact Factors in Liaoning Province.

Global ecosystem services (ESs) are experiencing a significant decline, necessitating the development of robust environmental governance policies. To address the lack of integrated planning with heavy industry as the research object and a lack of knowledge of ES trade-offs and synergies in China's ecological and environmental governance. In this study, the spatial and temporal variations of four ESs (water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), carbon storage (CS), and habitat quality (HQ)) were determined in the study area of Liaoning Province.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy of digital therapies in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that commonly occurs in childhood. The aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize the available evidence for the efficacy of digital therapeutics in children and adolescents with ADHD.

Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), and Web of Science (science and social science citation index) databases for relevant studies and used Stata 15.

Associations between work-related variables and workplace violence among Chinese medical staff: A comparison between physical and verbal violence.

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) against medical staff has been an important public health and societal problem worldwide. Although numerous studies have implied the differences between physical violence (PV) and verbal violence (VV) against medical staff, few studies were conducted to analyze the different associations between work-related variables, PV, and VV, especially in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Chinese medical staff in public hospitals, and 3,426 medical staff were interviewed and analyzed.

The distinct role of orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortex in encoding impulsive choices in an animal model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder affecting up to 5% of children worldwide. The lack of understanding of ADHD etiology prevented the development of effective treatment for the disease. Here, using electrophysiology recordings, we have recorded and analyzed the neuronal encoding of delay discounting behavior in prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR).

Social Deficits and Cerebellar Degeneration in Purkinje Cell Knockout Mice.

Mutations in the gene encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel α-subunit Nav1. 6 have been reported in individuals with epilepsy, intellectual disability and features of autism spectrum disorder. is widely expressed in the central nervous system, including the cerebellum.

Deviated and early unsustainable stunted development of gut microbiota in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Objective: Recent studies have provided insights into the gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, these studies were restricted owing to limited sampling at the unitary stage of childhood. Herein, we aimed to reveal developmental characteristics of gut microbiota in a large cohort of subjects with ASD combined with interindividual factors impacting gut microbiota.

Design: A large cohort of 773 subjects with ASD (aged 16 months to 19 years), 429 neurotypical (NT) development subjects (aged 11 months to 15 years) were emolyed to determine the dynamics change of gut microbiota across different ages using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Adjuvant effects of vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation on treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a study protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicentric trial in China.

Introduction: Approximately 7.2% of children in the world suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Due to the availability of the osmotic-release oral-system methylphenidate, ADHD currently has a remission rate of up to 30.

Immune function changes of the IDPN-induced Tourette syndrome rat model.

There may be immunologic alternations during Tourette syndrome (TS) development. This study aimed to determine the immune function changes in different aspects (spleen or thymus index, plasma cytokines, and T cell) in an 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN)-induced rat model of TS. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to control and TS groups.

Sensory Modulation Disorder and its Neural Circuitry in Adults with ADHD: A Pilot Study.

Compared to healthy controls (HCs), individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit more symptoms of sensory processing disorder (SPD), which is associated with difficulties in educational and social activities. Most studies examining comorbid SPD-ADHD have been conducted with children and have not explored relations to brain volumes. In this pilot study, we assessed a subtype of SPD, sensory modulation disorder (SMD), and its relation to select brain volumes in adults with ADHD.

Personality traits and negative affect mediate the relationship between cortical thickness of superior frontal cortex and aggressive behavior.

Aggression reflects the psychological and physical behavior that perpetrator intends to harm victim. Initiation of aggression is influenced by the distal factors (e.g.

Neurons in rat orbitofrontal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex exhibit distinct responses in reward and strategy-update in a risk-based decision-making task.

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are known to participate in risk-based decision-making. However, whether neuronal activities of these two brain regions play similar or differential roles during different stages of risk-based decision-making process remains unknown. Here we conducted multi-channel in vivo recordings in the OFC and mPFC simultaneously when rats were performing a gambling task.

White Matter Correlates of Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries in Women Subjected to Intimate-Partner Violence: A Preliminary Study.

A large proportion (range of 44-75%) of women who experience intimate-partner violence (IPV) have been shown to sustain repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) from their abusers. Further, despite requests for research on TBI-related health outcomes, there are currently only a handful of studies addressing this issue and only one prior imaging study that has investigated the neural correlates of IPV-related TBIs. In response, we examined specific regions of white matter microstructure in 20 women with histories of IPV.

Together Means More Happiness: Relationship Status Moderates the Association between Brain Structure and Life Satisfaction.

Life satisfaction reflects an individual's general evaluation of their overall quality of life. It has been hypothesized that relationship status (i.e.

[Epidemiological investigation on respiratory diseases in 1 300 children, in Jinan, Shandong].

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of respiratory diseases and to provide scientific basis for developing relevant control measures.

Methods: 1 300 children with respiratory diseases were treated in hospitals, from Jan. 2013 to May 2014, in the city of Jinan.

[High-risk factors for quality of general movements in infants].

Objective: To investigate the high-risk factors for the quality of general movements (GMs), which has a predictive value for brain dysfunction in infants.

Methods: A total of 618 infants in the stage of writhing movements and 539 infants in the stage of fidgety movements were selected separately for the evaluation of GMs. The high-risk factors for the quality of GMs in infants were analyzed by ANOVA, chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression.

ABT-724 alleviated hyperactivity and spatial learning impairment in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Dysfunction of dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) is linked to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as ADHD associated cognitive impairment. Here, we tested the possible therapeutic benefit of the D4R-selective agonist ABT-724 in adolescent spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). ABT-724-treated SHRs were administered ABT-724 (0.

Effect of early intervention on premature infants' general movements.

Unlabelled: This study is to investigate the characteristics of premature infants' general movements (GMs) and the effect of early intervention on their GMs.

Methods: The survey was carried among 285 premature infants. (1) Before intervention, the correlation between the gestational age/ birth weight and the GMs was evaluated.

Composition of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in different encephalic regions and its association with behavior in spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR).

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are hypothesized to play an important role in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study evaluated LC-PUFAs composition in different encephalic regions by gas chromatography and its association with behavior on the attentional set-shifting task, open field test and the Morris water maze of spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR)-a genetic animal model of ADHD. In behavioral tests, the SHRs exhibited deficiencies in attentional set-shifting, autonomic activities and spatial learning and memory.

Effects of methylphenidate on attentional set-shifting in a genetic model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Although deficits of attentional set-shifting have been reported in individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), it is rarely examined in animal models.

Methods: This study compared spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs; a genetic animal model of ADHD) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (normoactive control strains), on attentional set-shifting task (ASST) performance. Furthermore, the dose-effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on attentional set-shifting of SHR were investigated.