EEG improvements with antiepileptic drug treatment can show a high correlation with behavioral recovery in children with ADHD.

We investigated the relationship between neuropsychological disturbance, assessed using the global assessment of functioning (GAF) and the ADHD-rating scale (ADHD-RS), paroxysmal EEG abnormalities, and treatment with valproate sodium (VPA) in children with both attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and paroxysmal abnormality (PA). Participants with ADHD but without obvious epilepsy were recruited between April 1, 2003 and March 31, 2008. Paroxysmal abnormality was scored by measuring the spike frequency.

Establishment of the ocular hypertension model using the common marmoset.

The purpose of this study was to establish an experimental glaucoma model in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Chronic intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation was induced by laser trabeculoplasty twice at 2-week intervals in the left eyes of 4 common marmosets. IOP was measured before and at 4, 7, 8, 11, 13 weeks after first laser treatment, and ophthalmoscopic examinations were also performed.

Identifying areas of the visual field important for quality of life in patients with glaucoma.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to create a vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) prediction system to identify visual field (VF) test points associated with decreased VRQoL in patients with glaucoma.

Method: VRQoL score was surveyed in 164 patients with glaucoma using the 'Sumi questionnaire'. A binocular VF was created from monocular VFs by using the integrated VF (IVF) method.

Mattress anastomosis in micro vascular reconstruction: technical note.

Background: Superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis is a common procedure for neurosurgeons. The surgery necessarily requires accurate and speedy manipulation of microscope, for which a specific training is needed. Unexpected bypass occlusion sometimes happen during surgery.

Parental thoughts and actions regarding their child's first febrile seizure.

Background: Little is known about what parents think and how they act when their child experiences febrile seizure (FS). This study therefore surveyed parents of 78 children who had experienced a first FS regarding their thoughts and actions.

Methods: The questionnaire was divided into three parts: details of the child and their family; medical management of the child before reaching hospital; and parental thoughts and actions when the child experienced convulsions.

Enhanced antitumor effect of YM872 and AG1296 combination treatment on human glioblastoma xenograft models.

Object: Blockade of Ca(++)-permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptor (AMPAR) inhibits the proliferation of human glioblastoma by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation, which is independent of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Inhibiting platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-mediated phosphorylation causes growth inhibition in glioblastoma cells. The authors of this study investigated the effects of YM872 and AG1296, singly and in combination and targeting different pathways upstream of Akt, on Akt-mediated tumor growth in glioblastoma cells in vivo and in vitro.

Effects of SofZia-preserved travoprost and benzalkonium chloride-preserved latanoprost on the ocular surface -- a multicentre randomized single-masked study.

Purpose: To assess the effect of SofZia-preserved travoprost on ocular surface conditions in comparison with benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-preserved latanoprost.

Methods: A prospective randomized multicentre single-masked comparative study. Patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who had been treated with BAK-preserved latanoprost 0.

Recovery from deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus after switching from bimatoprost to latanoprost.

Purpose: Although useful for reducing intraocular pressure (IOP), bimatoprost (BIM) can cause deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES), one of the symptoms of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP). We investigated recovery from BIM-induced DUES after switching treatment to latanoprost (LAT).

Design: Prospective, observer-masked, open-label study.

Induction of amyloid-β(1-42) in the retina and optic nerve head of chronic ocular hypertensive monkeys.

Purpose: Recent studies have indicated that accumulation of amyloid β(1-42) (Aβ(1-42)), which is associated with the progression of Alzheimer disease, may also be responsible for retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and localization of Aβ(1-42) in the retina and the optic nerve head (ONH) of monkeys with experimental glaucoma.

Methods: Five cynomolgus monkeys with a glaucomatous left eye at 4, 9, 11, 15, and 24 weeks after laser photocoagulation treatment were studied by immunohistochemical methods.

Effects of levetiracetam on seizure frequency and neuropsychological impairments in children with refractory epilepsy with secondary bilateral synchrony.

Purpose: In epilepsy with continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep (CSWS), which is a representative epileptic syndrome of secondary bilateral synchrony (SBS), the urgent suppression of this electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormality may be necessary to prevent the progression of neuropsychological impairments. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of levetiracetam (LEV) on SBS, seizure frequency, and neuropsychological impairments in children with refractory epilepsy.

Methods: Eleven (seven male and four female) patients with refractory epilepsy with SBS on EEG, aged between 4.

Can EEG characteristics predict development of epilepsy in autistic children?

Background: The high occurrence of epilepsy in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a clear indication that ASD has a neurobiological basis. The current understanding of the association between epilepsy and ASD is still limited, but from a clinical point of view, this association should not be overlooked.

Aims: We investigated the electroencephalogram (EEG) paroxysmal abnormality in children with ASD and the incidence of later development of epilepsy.

Serum periostin levels are correlated with progressive skin sclerosis in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Background: Periostin, a matricellular protein, serves as a regulator of wound healing and fibrosis. The role of periostin in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) is unknown.

Objective: To determine periostin levels in association with severity of skin fibrosis in patients with SSc.

Renin-angiotensin system involvement in the oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration of cultured retinal ganglion cells.

Purpose: To analyze the influence of oxidative stress on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by using a selective culture system of rat RGCs.

Methods: Rat RGCs were purified by a two-step immunopanning procedure and cultured either with or without antioxidant (AO) compounds. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RGCs were analyzed using dihydroethidium.

A model for the easy assessment of pressure-dependent damage to retinal ganglion cells using cyan fluorescent protein-expressing transgenic mice.

Purpose: To establish an animal model for the easy assessment of pressure-dependent damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) using the B6.Cg-TgN(Thy1-CFP)23Jrs/J transgenic mouse strain (CFP mouse), which expresses cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) in RGCs, and to evaluate pressure-dependent RGC death.

Methods: In 20 CFP mice, right eyes were selected to receive laser-induced ocular hypertension eye and the contralateral eyes remained untouched to serve as controls.

Contributing factors for progression of visual field loss in normal-tension glaucoma patients with medical treatment.

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic factors responsible for the progression of visual field defects (VFDs) in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) treated with topical antiglaucoma medications.

Patients And Methods: A total of 92 eyes in 92 NTG patients treated with only topical antiglaucoma medications for ≥ 5 years were retrospectively analyzed. To identify subfield-based prognostic factors, the central 30-degree visual field (Humphrey Field Analyzer) was divided into 6 subfields: upper and lower arcuate, paracentral, and cecocentral subfields.

The effects of prostaglandin analogues on intracellular Ca2+ in ciliary arteries of wild-type and prostanoid receptor-deficient mice.

Purpose: To clarify the mechanism of prostaglandin (PG) analogue-dependent relaxation in ciliary arteries from wild-type (WT) and prostanoid receptor-deficient mice.

Methods: The intracellular-free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in isolated WT mouse ciliary arteries was measured by fluorescence photometry. Reduction of [Ca(2+)](i) leading to vascular relaxation by PG analogues latanoprost, isopropyl unoprostone, or tafluprost was compared to the maximum increase of [Ca(2+)](i) by 50 mM KCl.