Optimizing Oxygen-Production Kinetics of Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles Improves Hypoxia Reversal and Survival in Mice with Bone Metastases.

Persistent hypoxia in bone metastases induces an immunosuppressive environment, limiting the effectiveness of immunotherapies. To address chronic hypoxia, we have developed manganese dioxide (MnO) nanoparticles with tunable oxygen production kinetics for sustained oxygenation in bone metastases lesions. Using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stabilized MnO or poly(lactic[50]--glycolic[50] acid) (50:50 PLGA), poly(lactic[75]--glycolic[25] acid) (75:25 PLGA), and polylactic acid (PLA)-encapsulated MnO NPs, we demonstrate that polymer hydrophobicity attenuates burst oxygen production and enables tunable oxygen production kinetics.

Endovascular Management of the Ascending Aorta: State of the Art.

Endovascular stent graft repair (EVAR) has revolutionized the management of aneurysms and dissections of the thoracic and abdominal aorta and is considered the first-line treatment in such pathologies. Initially designed for patients unfit for open repair, EVAR and thoracic endovascular aortic stent graft repair are associated with improved morbidity and mortality and a faster recovery process. The endovascular revolution of the aorta continues moving proximally, with fenestrated and branch stent grafts currently in clinical trials for the management of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms, and several branched thoracic devices are either approved or in trial for management of aortic arch pathologies.

Branched and Fenestrated Aortic Endovascular Grafts.

Endovascular repair of abdominal and descending thoracic aortic aneurysms has become the standard of care due to improvements in morbidity and mortality compared to open surgical repair. Late durability, however, remains an issue because persistent endoleaks can lead to continued aneurysm expansion and eventual rupture, sometimes years following the original repair. Branched, fenestrated, and physician-modified endografts in the thoracic arch and thoracoabdominal aorta have extended the seal zone in order to mitigate the risks of proximal and distal endoleaks.