Food Allergy Genetics and Epigenetics: A Review of Genome-Wide Association Studies.

In this review, we provide an overview of food allergy genetics and epigenetics aimed at clinicians and researchers. This includes a brief review of the current understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, inheritance of food allergy, as well as a discussion of advantages and limitations of the different types of studies in genetic research. We specifically focus on the results of genome-wide association studies in food allergy, which have identified 16 genetic variants that reach genome-wide significance, many of which overlap with other allergic diseases, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis.

Association of genetically predicted levels of circulating blood lipids with coronary artery disease incidence.

Background And Aims: Estimating the genetic risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) is now possible by aggregating data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) into polygenic risk scores (PRS). Combining multiple PRS for specific circulating blood lipids could improve risk prediction. Here, we sought to evaluate the performance of PRS derived from CAD and blood lipids GWAS to predict the incidence of CAD.

Polygenic inheritance and its interplay with smoking history in predicting lung cancer diagnosis: a French-Canadian case-control cohort.

Background: The most near-term clinical application of genome-wide association studies in lung cancer is a polygenic risk score (PRS).

Methods: A case-control dataset was generated consisting of 4002 lung cancer cases from the LORD project and 20,010 ethnically matched controls from CARTaGENE. A genome-wide PRS including >1.

[Effects of extended aromatase inhibitors in women with hormone-dependent breast cancer who have already received five years of adjuvant hormone therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis].

Introduction: Evaluating the benefits and risks of prolonged hormonal treatment with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for treating hormone-dependent breast cancer.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Studies reporting on randomized clinical trials concerning prolongating hormonal therapy with AIs as compared to a placebo or no prolongation, after an initial five years of hormonal therapy, were eligible.

Contribution of Lipoprotein(a) to Polygenic Risk Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease: A Prospective UK Biobank Analysis.

Background: Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]) is a highly atherogenic lipoprotein subfraction that may contribute to polygenic risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the extent of this contribution is unknown. Our objective was to estimate the contribution of Lp(a) to polygenic risk of CAD and to evaluate the respective contributions of Lp(a) and a CAD polygenic risk score (PRS) to CAD.

Methods: A total of 372 385 UK Biobank participants of European ancestry free of CAD at baseline were included.

Polygenic Risk Score for Coronary Artery Disease Improves the Prediction of Early-Onset Myocardial Infarction and Mortality in Men.

Background: Several risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) have been described, some of which are genetically determined. The use of a polygenic risk score (PRS) could improve CAD risk assessment, but predictive accuracy according to age and sex is not well established.

Methods: A PRS including the weighted effects of >1.

Prioritization of candidate causal genes for asthma in susceptibility loci derived from UK Biobank.

To identify candidate causal genes of asthma, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in UK Biobank on a broad asthma definition (n = 56,167 asthma cases and 352,255 controls). We then carried out functional mapping through transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and Mendelian randomization in lung (n = 1,038) and blood (n = 31,684) tissues. The GWAS reveals 72 asthma-associated loci from 116 independent significant variants (P < 5.

Comprehensive sensory and chemical data on the flavor of 16 red wines from two varieties: Sensory descriptive analysis, HS-SPME-GC-MS volatile compounds quantitative analysis, and odor-active compounds identification by HS-SPME-GC-MS-O.

This paper describes data collected on 2 sets of 8 French red wines from two grape varieties: Pinot Noir (PN) and Cabernet Franc (CF). It provides, for the 16 wines, (i) sensory descriptive data obtained with a trained panel, (ii) volatile organic compounds (VOC) quantification data obtained by Headspace Solid Phase Micro-Extraction - Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and (iii) odor-active compounds identification by Headspace Solid Phase Micro-Extraction - Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry - Olfactometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS-O). The raw data are hosted on an open-access research data repository [1].

Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis in multiple populations identifies new loci for peanut allergy and establishes C11orf30/EMSY as a genetic risk factor for food allergy.

Background: Peanut allergy (PA) is a complex disease with both environmental and genetic risk factors. Previously, PA loci were identified in filaggrin (FLG) and HLA in candidate gene studies, and loci in HLA were identified in a genome-wide association study and meta-analysis.

Objective: We sought to investigate genetic susceptibility to PA.

MINT: a multivariate integrative method to identify reproducible molecular signatures across independent experiments and platforms.

Background: Molecular signatures identified from high-throughput transcriptomic studies often have poor reliability and fail to reproduce across studies. One solution is to combine independent studies into a single integrative analysis, additionally increasing sample size. However, the different protocols and technological platforms across transcriptomic studies produce unwanted systematic variation that strongly confounds the integrative analysis results.

Assessing the structure of the CAST (Cannabis Abuse Screening Test) in 13 European countries using multigroup analyses.

Our aims are to describe and explain the structure of the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) across countries. Standard statistical analyses fail to describe and explain several variables simultaneously while taking account of the group structure of individuals. The 2011 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD): 5204 last-year cannabis users aged 15-16 from 13 European countries.