Effect of smoking habit on circulating adipokines in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.

Background: Despite the well-known inverse association between smoking and body weight, there have been conflicting reports on the association between smoking and adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin.

Aim: To determine and compare whether tobacco smoking (cigarettes or sheesha) affects circulating levels of adiponectin and/or influences leptin and leptin receptor (sOb-R) concentrations and free leptin in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.

Methods And Subjects: Fasting plasma adiponectin, leptin, sOb-R, glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were determined in 236 subjects grouped as control subjects (n = 53); non-diabetic cigarette smokers (n = 34), non-diabetic sheesha smokers (n = 38), diabetic nonsmokers (n = 75) and diabetic smokers (n = 36).

Comparative analysis of the effects of hubble-bubble (Sheesha) and cigarette smoking on respiratory and metabolic parameters in hubble-bubble and cigarette smokers.

Objectives And Background: Hazard of smoking tobacco is believed to be minimized by smoking hubble-bubble (HB) instead of cigarettes. Our aims were to (i) develop an assay for estimating nicotine and cotinine; and (ii) evaluate the effect of smoking on respiratory and metabolic parameters in cigarette and HB smokers.

Methods: Urine samples were collected from 152 volunteer smokers (75 cigarette and 77 HB) as well as from 16 healthy controls.