The interplay between hypovitaminosis D and the immune dysfunction in the arteriovenous thrombotic complications of the sever coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Thromboembolic complications including cerebrovascular accidents, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis and disseminating intravascular coagulopathy are serious encounters in sever coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected patients. This worsens the prognosis and may lead to death or life long morbidities. The laboratory finding of the disturbed haemostasias and the hyperinflammatory response are almost invariably present in COVID-19 patients.

Activation of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR-/) and the Fatty Acid Metabolizing Enzyme Protein CPT1A by Camel Milk Treatment Counteracts the High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Camel milk (CM) has a unique composition rich in antioxidants, trace elements, immunoglobulins, insulin, and insulin-like proteins. Treatment by CM demonstrated protective effects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-fat cholesterol-rich diet (HFD-C) in rats. CM dampened the steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning degeneration of the hepatocytes.

Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity of Papain-Hydrolyzed Camel Whey Protein and Its Hepato-Renal Protective Effects in Thioacetamide-Induced Toxicity.

Papain hydrolysis of camel whey protein (CWP) produced CWP hydrolysate (CWPH). Fractionation of CWPH by the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) generated fractions (i.e.

Clopidogrel Prophylaxis Abates Myocardial Ischemic Injury and Inhibits the Hyperlipidemia-Inflammation Loop in Hypercholestrolemic Mice.

Background: Platelet hyper adhesiveness orchestrates with inflammation and vascular muscle proliferation leading to atheroma formation and endothelial dysfunction.

Objectives: The current study aims to compare the prophylactic role of Aspirin and Clopidogrel therapy against isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in mice on high-fat, cholesterol-rich diet (HFD-C).

Methods: The animals received HFD-C with Aspirin or Clopidogrel for 8 weeks and were subjected to AMI by isoproterenol.

Comparison of the hypoglycemic and antithrombotic (anticoagulant) actions of whole bovine and camel milk in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats.

People with diabetes are at higher risk of fatal thromboembolic accidents in the cerebral and coronary circulations, especially stroke and ischemic heart disease. We have previously described the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anticoagulant activity of orally administered camel milk in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In the present study in the same animal model, we extended these observations by comparing camel milk and the more available and widely consumed bovine milk with respect to their antidiabetic and antithrombotic actions.

Camel milk attenuates the biochemical and morphological features of diabetic nephropathy: inhibition of Smad1 and collagen type IV synthesis.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that worsens its morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that camel milk (CM) improves the glycemic control in DM but its effect on the renal complications especially the DN remains unclear. Thus the current study aimed to characterize the effects of CM treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN.

Camel milk ameliorates steatohepatitis, insulin resistance and lipid peroxidation in experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Camel milk (CM) is gaining increasing recognition due to its beneficial effects in the control and prevention of multiple health problems. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of CM on the hepatic biochemical and cellular alterations induced by a high-fat, cholesterol-rich diet (HCD), specifically, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: the Control (C) Group fed a standard diet; the Control + camel milk (CCM) Group fed a standard diet and CM, the Cholesterol (Ch) Group fed a HCD with no CM, and the Cholesterol + camel milk (ChM) Group fed a HCD and CM.

Magnesium sulfate therapy of preeclampsia: an old tool with new mechanism of action and prospect in management and prophylaxis.

A disturbed balance between angiogenic and antiangiogenic growth factors is a highly accepted mechanism in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-induced hypertension and proteinuria, which is clinically known as preeclampsia (PE). We investigated the effect of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) therapy on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, soluble fm-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and endoglin levels in PE rats and the effect of this treatment on the feto-maternal outcome. The PE group showed hypertension, proteinuria and decreased number and weight of live pups relative to the control group.

Propolis derivatives inhibit the systemic inflammatory response and protect hepatic and neuronal cells in acute septic shock.

Background: Severe pathogenic infection triggers excessive release of cytokines as part of the massive inflammatory response associated with septic shock.

Objectives: To investigate the protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced endotoxemia, hepatic and neuronal damage and the associated systemic inflammatory response (SIR).

Methods: Fifty male Wister rats were divided into: control, LPS, and CAPE+LPS groups.

The possible role of estrogen and selective estrogen receptor modulators in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the effect of 17β-estradiol and two different selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), tamoxifen and raloxifene, as well as a selective estrogen receptor alpha agonist, propyl-pyrazole-triol (PPT) and a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist, diarylpropionitrile (DPN), on behavioral and biochemical alterations in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced nigral dopaminergic cell death in rats.

Main Methods: 80 female Wister rats were used. Animals were divided into eight equal groups: Group I; Sham operated, Group II; subjected to ovariectomy (OVX), Group III; OVX rats received striatal injection of 6-OHDA, Groups IV-VIII; OVX rats received striatal injection of 6-OHDA and were injected daily with 17β-estradiol, tamoxifen, raloxifene, PPT and DPN respectively for 5days before 6-OHDA and continued for further 2weeks.

Multiple antioxidants and L-arginine modulate inflammation and dyslipidemia in chronic renal failure rats.

The kidney is an important source of L-arginine, the endogenous precursor of nitric oxide (NO). Surgical problems requiring extensive renal mass reduction (RMR) decrease renal NO production, leading to multiple hemodynamic and homeostatic disorders manifested by hypertension, oxidative stress, and increased inflammatory cytokines. Using the RMR model of chronic renal failure (CRF), we assessed the effects of twelve weeks' administration of L-arginine and/or a mixture of antioxidants (L-carnitine, catechin, vitamins E and C) on plasma cytokines, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), nitrate and nitrites (NO(2)/NO(3)), lipid profile, blood pressure, and renal function.

Effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on the hemostatic alterations associated with toxic-induced acute liver failure.

Coagulation abnormalities are common findings in acute liver failure (ALF) that underlie its fatal outcome. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the oxidative stress and the disturbed hemostasis in lipopolysaccharide/galactosamine-induced ALF in rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into control, ALF and a CAPE-treated ALF groups.

Oxidative stress and nitric oxide deficiency in inflammation of chronic renal failure. Possible preventive role of L-arginine and multiple antioxidants.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of L-arginine and multiple antioxidants on the inflammatory cytokines level, renal functions, blood pressure and dyslipidemia in chronic renal failure (CRF) rats.

Methods: This study was carried out between December 2007 and November 2008 in the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Chronic renal failure was induced in 40 rats by renal mass reduction (RMR) and 10 rats were sham operated.

The potential anti-inflammatory effect of tetrahydrobiopterin administration in renal mass reduction-induced chronic renal failure in rats.

Objective: To investigate the impact of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) supplementation on the markers of inflammation, and on the histological picture of the kidney in chronic renal failure C-reactive protein (CRF) induced in rats by subtotal nephrectomy (SNx).

Methods: This study was performed at the Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during the period from December 2005 to January 2007. Chronic renal failure was induced by 5/6 SNx in 20 male Wister rats, and another 10 rats were sham operated by flank incision and served as controls.

Catechin combined with vitamins C and E ameliorates insulin resistance (IR) and atherosclerotic changes in aged rats with chronic renal failure (CRF).

Aging is an inevitable biological process associated with increased oxidative stress and accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) a known endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Atherosclerosis and IR constitute major risk factors for cardiovascular mortality in elderly with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the impact of catechin, vitamins E and C supplementation on insulin sensitivity, redox state, ADMA, nitrate and nitrite (NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-)) levels and histological picture of heart and large blood vessels of aged rats with CRF.

The effect of vitamin E, L-arginine, N-nitro L-arginine methyl ester and forskolin on endocrine and metabolic changes of rats exposed to acute cold stress.

Objective: It is a well documented fact that under stress conditions the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) are stimulated. This results in a series of neural and endocrine adaptations known as the stress response. The current study assessed the effects of acute cold stress on adrenomedullin (ADM) levels in plasma and peripheral tissues (kidneys and heart) of rats, as well as on blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), total proteins both before and after intraperitoneal administration of each of the following: vitamin-E, L-arginine, forskolin and L-NAME.