Ophthalmic complaints as a climacteric symptom.

The menopausal syndrome is characterized by a variety of emotional and physical symptoms of varying intensity. A total of 1287 women who attended the Outpatient Department for Climacteric Symptoms and Osteoporosis Prophylaxis (1st Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Vienna Medical School) constituted the study population. These women, who were seeking relief from various complaints or for prophylactic assessment and treatment, visited the clinic over the period 1988-1989.

[Eye manifestations as climacteric symptom].

The menopausal syndrome consists of a variety of psychic and physical signs of different intensity. At our outpatient department for problems in menopause and prevention of osteoporosis (1. Dept.

[Fibrin gluing of the extraocular eye muscles. Experimental use in the rabbit].

An experimental animal study was conducted to determine whether fibrin glue could be used in strabismus surgery (recession, resection, and muscular neurotization). Fibrin glue was used in place of some or all of the commonly used 7-0 Vicryl sutures. In order to evaluate the adhesion of the fibrin glue the rabbits' eyes were enucleated 10-67 days after surgery, fixed in 8% formalin solution and then histologically examined.

[Complications following orbital floor fractures].

Complications after orbital floor fractures were studied in 76 cases (follow-up time 4 years). The following procedures were performed by the maxillofacial surgeon: repositioning of the orbital floor, tamponade of the maxillary sinus, covering of the defect with Lyodura, autologous bone grafting, and balloon catheterization. A satisfactory result was achieved after the primary operation in 75% of the cases.

[The influence of phospholine iodide on the squinting angle (author's transl)].

The author discusses the results of phospholine iodide therapy on 112 children with convergent strabismus and comes to the conclusion that the possible complications of this therapy are not outweighed by its only very modest success.

[Unilateral congenital anophthalmos with Trabecular agenesia and hydrophthalmos of the other eye (author's transl)].

In a one-year-old female patient, unilateral anophthalmos was ascertained by clinical, echographic and X-ray examination. In addition, the cranial computer tomogram showed trabecular agenesia. The globe of the other eye was existent and was enlarged by hydrophthalmos.

[Abundant familial occurrence of strabismus amblyopia (author's transl)].

Report on a family of 14 in which the mother and her first four children, born out of wedlock and having different fathers, had healthy eyes and no ocular troubles. Her husband, the father of the eight younger children, presented with concomitant strabismus and amblyopia in the left eye. All his children squinted also, and all but one had amblyopia and poor fixation in the affected eye.

Orbital impalement injury. An unusual case.

A 24-year-old man suffered an orbital impalement injury from a car aerial antenna that penetrated the medial third of the right lower lid. Immediately after the accident a convergent eye position, diplopia, and complete paresis of the upper lid as well as reduced abduction could be observed; the uninjured globe could not be moved beyond the midline. According to orbital tomograms and a traction test an incarceration of the medial rectus muscle was suspected.

[Advances in the field of surgical therapy of strabismus (author's transl)].

During the past 10 years the surgical treatment of strabismus has received different new impulses. Two fundamental novelties in this field have been reported and three not unimportant contributions towards the facilitation of, or improvement in therapy: Cüppers described a method to improve and/or eliminate the dynamic squinting angle in cases of ocular nystagmus by the so-called "Fadenoperation" and Aichmair demonstrated the possibility of re-establishing the function of a traumatically paralyzed abducens muscle by means of muscular neurotisation. Aichmair and Abel discovered in a comparative study that there is no necessity to bandage patients after a squint operation; this is of especial importance in small children as there need no longer be any fear of the postoperative binocular bandage.

[An unusual case of Marcus Gunn phenomenon].

The author gives a short review on the course of the disease and the typical symptoms of regular Marcus Gunn phenomenon i.e. the retraction of an usually ptotic lid when the patient opens his mouth or moves his jaw to the healthy side of his face.

[Treatment of covergence insufficiency by "convergence-card" (author's transl)].

A report is given on a simple possibility to influence favorably convergence insufficiencies by means of physiological diplopia; a so-called "convergence-card" is described as well as its usefulness for eye-training; the case reports of 4 typical patients are described.

[Cyclic esotropia (alternate day squint) (author's transl)].

One case of the extremely rare conditioning of cyclic esotropia is reported following a short review of the literature and clinical features of this form of strabism. According to our experience the only effective treatment is operative correction on the day of the squint. It is not advisable to wait until the alternate day squint cycle breaks down and a permanent convergent squint develops.

[Objective vision test in very young children (author's transl)].

By means of the Catford Visual Acuity Apparatus it is possible to determine objectively the visual acuity even in very young children easily and in a very short time; in children aged less than one year in most cases only a binocular later on a monocular acuity could be ascertained. There are almost no difficulties caused by the language. The visual results of 100 patients are given, 63 of which were under 3 years old; 10 children were aged between 5 and 24 months.

[Tumorous form of acute myeloid leukemia (author's transl)].

The author describes a rare tumorous form of acute myeloid leukemia in a boy aged 4 and a half years. It appeared as unobtrusive swelling of the left upper lid and led to the diagnosis of leukemia. After the beginning of cytostatic therapy the swelling disappeared.

[Muscular neurotisation in traumatic abducens paresis (A new method of operative treatment) (author's transl)].

Traumatic abducens pareses occur quite often. The methods of operation known until now often achieved no good functional result. Therefore the authors experimentally tried to reinnervate by means of "musculr neurotisation" in 10 rabbits an extraocular muscle previously denervated.

Therapy of blow-out fractures.

The number of patients with fractures of the bony orbit has recently increased because of increasing accidents, expecially car accidents. Due to the good cooperation of maxillofacial surgeons and ophthalmoligists the latter are asked for consultation in the first days after the accident. Therefore the possibility exists to diagnose rather often a blow-out fracture even without X-ray examination.