The transcription factor FgSfp1 orchestrates mycotoxin deoxynivalenol biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum.

Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) and its derivative mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) are highly concerned with food safety and sustainability worldwide. Although several transcription factors (TFs) had been elucidated, molecular mechanism participates in DON biosynthesis regulation remains largely unrevealed.

Total Deoxynivalenol Contamination of Wheat Products and Coarse Grains in Shanghai, China: Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is an important mycotoxin produced by spp., typically found in cereals, which has garnered considerable research attention. However, the risk assessment of DON exposure to muti-cereal is partial and biased, especially lacking the evaluation of different coarse grains.

Detoxifying bacterial genes for deoxynivalenol epimerization confer durable resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the presence of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) pose serious threats to wheat production and food safety worldwide. DON, as a virulence factor, is crucial for the spread of FHB pathogens on plants. However, germplasm resources that are naturally resistant to DON and DON-producing FHB pathogens are inadequate in plants.

Utilization of a Novel Soil-Isolated Strain FS10-7 for Deoxynivalenol Degradation and Biocontrol of Fusarium Crown Rot in Wheat.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most widespread mycotoxin contaminant hazardous to human and animal health globally. It acts as a crucial virulence factor to stimulate the spread of pathogenic within wheat plants. Control of DON and disease contributes enormously to food safety, which relies on chemical fungicides.

Crude Lipopeptides Produced by Could Control the Growth of and Production of Toxins in Processing Tomato.

spp. and its toxins are the main contaminants in processing tomato. Based on our earlier research, the current study looked into the anti-fungal capacity of crude lipopeptides from XJ-BV2007 against .

Mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal flora disorders, dysfunction and organ damage in broilers and pigs.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common environmental contaminant that causes food refusal and growth retardation in animals. DON targets the intestine and is hazardous to animal, however, it is not clear whether its effect on animals is consistent. Chickens and pigs are the two main animals affected by DON exposure with different susceptibilities.

Cytotoxicities of Co-occurring alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether and tenuazonic acid on human gastric epithelial cells.

Alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and tenuazonic acid (TeA) are the three major Alternaria toxin contaminants in food. In the present study, we conducted their single and combined toxicity analyses using human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1) that was first exposed to the toxins when they entered the human body. By comparing the cytotoxicity IC50, we found that compared to several other mycotoxins with limit standards there was cytotoxicity DON > OTA > AME > AOH > ZEN > TeA.

Mycotoxins in Wheat Flours Marketed in Shanghai, China: Occurrence and Dietary Risk Assessment.

The risk of exposure to mycotoxins through the consumption of wheat flours has long been a concern. A total of 299 wheat flours marketed in Shanghai Province of China were surveyed and analyzed for the co-occurrence of 13 mycotoxins through an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. The detection rates of mycotoxins in wheat flours ranged from 0.

Deciphering Alternaria metabolic responses in microbial confrontation via an integrated mass spectrometric targeted and non-targeted strategy.

Microbial confrontation is ubiquitously present in nature, such as mycoparasitism, competition and antibiosis between biocontrol agents and microbial pathogens. However, the internal metabolic responses of fungal pathogens under microbial interaction scenario have been scarcely investigated. In this study, we set up an integrated mycotoxin analysis and non-targeted metabolomics workflow to decipher metabolic changes of Alternaria pathogens when confronted with selected Trichoderma strains, as well as mycotoxin metabolization in the Trichoderma spp.

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside promotes stress tolerance and lifespan extension of Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to polystyrene via DAF-16 pathway.

Microplastic pollution has attracted growing attention due to its prevalent and persistent exposure to general population through the food chain, but few reports have focused on the toxicological prevention of polystyrene (PS). Using the wild-type and mutant strains, this study explored the impacts of PS and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) on stress tolerance and lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans).

Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Trichothecene Biosynthesis in Species Complex Combined with Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis.

The species complex is the main causal agent of wheat head blight worldwide. Trichothecenes produced by the pathogen in infected grains have important food safety implications. Previously reported studies on trichothecene production have all focused on the conditions conducive to mycotoxin production, while the molecular mechanisms of trichothecene biosynthesis in strains under normal or non-inducing conditions are still unclear.

Exploration of Mycotoxin Accumulation and Transcriptomes of Different Wheat Cultivars during Infection.

is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide, and can cause Fusarium head blight (FHB). infection and mycotoxin production mainly present in wheat and can be influenced by environmental factors and wheat cultivars. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of wheat cultivars and interacting conditions of temperature and water activity () on mycotoxin production by two strains of and investigate the response mechanisms of different wheat cultivars to infection.

Mycotoxins in Tea (( (L.) Kuntze)): Contamination and Dietary Exposure Profiling in the Chinese Population.

Tea is popular worldwide with multiple health benefits. It may be contaminated by the accidental introduction of toxigenic fungi during production and storage. The present study focuses on potential mycotoxin contamination in tea and the probable dietary exposure assessments associated with consumption.

Biodegradation of Fumonisins by the Consecutive Action of a Fusion Enzyme.

Fumonisins (FBs) are toxic mycotoxins that commonly exist in food and feed. FBs can induce many aspects of toxicity, leading to adverse effects on human and animal health; therefore, investigating methods to reduce fumonisin contamination is necessary. In our study, we generated a recombinant fusion enzyme called FUMDI by linking the carboxylesterase gene () and the aminotransferase gene () by overlapping polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Cellobiose inhibits the release of deoxynivalenol from transformed deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside from .

The masked mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) has been reported to be a detoxification product in plants, but can be hydrolyzed into its toxic precursor, deoxynivalenol (DON). Herein, we reported that () NMM.1, isolated from Inner Mongolia raw milk, can efficiently transform D3G to DON in a short time.

A2 Inhibited the Cecal Inflammation Induced by Zearalenone by Regulating Intestinal Flora and Short-Chain Fatty Acids.

Zearalenone (ZEA) as an estrogen-like mycotoxin can cause the inflammatory injury of the cecum. How to reduce the harm that ZEA causes to humans and animals is a current concern for researchers. In this study, we aimed to ascertain whether A2 (A2) could alleviate injury caused by ZEA by regulating the intestinal flora and the content of short chain fatty acids in the cecum among mice.

Development of a Novel UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of 16 Mycotoxins in Different Tea Categories.

The contamination of potential mycotoxins in tea production and consumption has always been a concern. However, the risk monitoring on multiple mycotoxins remains a challenge by existing methods due to the high cost and complex operation in tea matrices. This research has developed a simple ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry strategy based on our homemade purification column, which can be applied in the detections of mycotoxins in complex tea matrices with high-effectively purifying and removing pigment capacity for 16 mycotoxins.

Effects of Fumonisin B and Hydrolyzed Fumonisin B on Growth and Intestinal Microbiota in Broilers.

Fumonisins are mainly produced by and , which causes a variety of toxicities in humans and animals, including fumonisin Bs (FBs) as the main form. After they are metabolized by plants or microorganisms, modified fumonisins are difficult to detect by conventional methods, which result in an underestimation of their contamination level. Fumonisins widely contaminate maize and maize products, especially in broiler feed.

LC-MS/MS Analysis of Fumonisin B1, B2, B3, and Their Hydrolyzed Metabolites in Broiler Chicken Feed and Excreta.

An accurate, reliable, and specific method was developed for the quantitative determination of fumonisins B1, B2, B3, and their hydrolyzed metabolites, HFB1, HFB2, and HFB3, in broiler chicken feed and excreta using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The samples were extracted and diluted for the determination of parent fumonisins. Another portion of the extracted samples was alkaline-hydrolyzed and cleaned using a strong anionic exchange adsorbent (MAX) for the determination of hydrolyzed fumonisins.

MicroRNA regulates the toxicological mechanism of four mycotoxins in vivo and in vitro.

Mycotoxins can cause body poisoning and induce carcinogenesis, often with a high mortality rate. Therefore, it is of great significance to seek new targets that indicate mycotoxin activity and to diagnose and intervene in mycotoxin-induced diseases in their early stages. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are physiological regulators whose dysregulation is closely related to the development of diseases.

and Genes for Biosynthesis or Efflux Transport of Tenuazonic Acid and Pathogenicity of .

Taking tenuazonic acid (TeA) synthetase 1 (TAS1) in as a reference, the homolog 1 was first anchored in via de novo sequencing. Subsequently, , as a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) protein-encoding gene in the adjacent upstream region, was followed with interest. As hypothesized, AaTAS1 is required for TeA biosynthesis, while AaMFS1 is an efflux pump for the transmembrane transport of TeA.

A Novel Deoxynivalenol-Activated Wheat Gene Encodes an Antifungal Peptide with Deoxynivalenol Affinity and Protects Plants against Pathogens and Mycotoxins.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most widespread trichothecene mycotoxins in contaminated cereal products. DON plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of , but the molecular mechanisms of DON underlying -wheat interactions are not yet well understood. In this study, a novel wheat ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 6-interacting protein 4 gene, was identified from DON-treated wheat suspension cells by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH).

Mycotoxin deoxynivalenol affects myoblast differentiation via downregulating cytoskeleton and ECM-integrin-FAK-RAC-PAK signaling pathway.

As a common mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON) contaminates cereal grains and feed in field or during processing and storage. DON elicits a spectrum of adverse effects in animals including anorexia and growth retardation. Especially, the presence of DON has also been detected in muscle, suggesting that DON may has the potential to affect the development of muscle.