Hydrochlorothiazide use and risk of keratinocyte carcinoma and melanoma: A multisite population-based cohort study.

Background: The association between hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and skin cancer remains controversial.

Objective: To determine whether HCTZ is associated with an increased risk of skin cancer compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers.

Methods: Two new-user, active comparator cohorts were assembled using 6 Canadian databases.

Time-related biases in perinatal pharmacoepidemiology: A systematic review of observational studies.

Background: Time-related biases, such as immortal time and time-window bias, frequently occur in pharmacoepidemiologic research. However, the prevalence of these biases in perinatal pharmacoepidemiology is not well understood.

Objective: To describe the frequency of time-related biases in observational studies of medications commonly used during pregnancy (antibiotic, antifungal, and antiemetic drugs) via systematic review.

Step down to 6 months of prophylactic-dose low molecular weight heparin after initial full-dose anticoagulation for the treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis (STEP-CAT): A pilot study.

Background: Patients with cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) are treated with full-dose anticoagulation for at least 3 months, but optimal dosing thereafter is unknown.

Aim: We explored the feasibility of extended prophylactic-dose low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) treatment following a minimum of 3 months of full-dose LMWH.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter prospective pilot study of patients with CAT who completed at least 3 months of therapeutic-dose LMWH.

The association between glycaemic control during hospitalization and risk of adverse events: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Hyperglycaemia is common during hospitalization; glycaemic targets in non-critical care settings have not been well studied. We assessed associations between inpatient glycaemic control and adverse events.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on non-critically ill medical patients hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital between 2015 and 2018.

Off-label postpartum use of domperidone in Canada: a multidatabase cohort study.

Background: Trends in off-label postpartum use of domperidone and the impact of safety advisories on its use remain unknown. Our objectives were to describe postpartum use of domperidone in Canada, to evaluate the impact of Health Canada advisories on prescribing patterns, and to describe the association between domperidone use and a composite end point of sudden cardiac death or ventricular tachycardia (VT) among postpartum patients.

Methods: We conducted a multidatabase cohort study involving pregnant patients with live births between 2004 and 2017 using administrative health databases from 5 Canadian provinces (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario).

The Mediating Role of Depressive Symptoms in the Association Between Food Insecurity and HIV Related Health Outcomes Among HIV-HCV Co-Infected People.

Food insecurity may lead to depressive symptoms, which are known to be associated with poor HIV related health outcomes. However, it is unclear to what extent food insecurity 'directly' affects these outcomes. We used data from the Food Security & HIV-HCV Sub-Study of the Canadian Co-Infection Cohort to assess the controlled direct effect.

Injection drug use, food insecurity, and HIV-HCV co-infection: a longitudinal cohort analysis.

Injection drug use (IDU) and food insecurity (FI) are highly prevalent among individuals living with HIV-hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection. We quantified the association between IDU and FI among co-infected individuals using biannual data from the Canadian Co-infection Cohort (N = 608, 2012-2015). IDU (in the past six months) and IDU frequency (non-weekly/weekly in the past month) were self-reported.

Association between depressive symptoms, CD4 count and HIV viral suppression among HIV-HCV co-infected people.

Depressive symptoms are associated with poor HIV viral control and immune recovery among people living with HIV. However, no prior studies assessed this association exclusively among people co-infected with HIV-hepatitis C virus (HCV). While people with HIV only and those with HIV-HCV co-infection share many characteristics, co-infected people may become more susceptible to the effects of depressive symptoms on health outcomes.

Food insecurity may lead to incomplete HIV viral suppression and less immune reconstitution among HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected people.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of food insecurity (FI) on HIV viral load and CD4 count among people coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Methods: This study was conducted using data from the Food Security & HIV-HCV Sub-Study of the Canadian Co-Infection Cohort study. FI was measured using the adult scale of Health Canada's Household Food Security Survey Module and was classified into three categories: food security, moderate food insecurity and severe food insecurity.

Impact of Food Insecurity on Depressive Symptoms Among HIV-HCV Co-infected People.

Food insecurity (FI) is associated with depressive symptoms among HIV mono-infected people. Our objective was to examine to what extent this association holds among HIV-hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected people. We used data from a prospective cohort study of HIV-HCV co-infected people in Canada.

Injection Drug Use, Unemployment, and Severe Food Insecurity Among HIV-HCV Co-Infected Individuals: A Mediation Analysis.

Severe food insecurity (FI), which indicates reduced food intake, is common among HIV-hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected individuals. Given the importance of unemployment as a proximal risk factor for FI, this mediation analysis examines a potential mechanism through which injection drug use (IDU) is associated with severe FI. We used biannual data from the Canadian Co-infection Cohort (N = 429 with 3 study visits, 2012-2015).

Association Between Food Insecurity and HIV Viral Suppression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Although an increasing number of HIV infected people are accessing antiretroviral treatment, many do not achieve complete HIV viral suppression and remain at risk for AIDS and capable of HIV transmission. Food insecurity has been identified as a potential risk factor for poor virologic response, but the association between these factors has been inconsistently documented in the literature. We systematically searched five electronic databases and bibliographies of relevant studies through April 2015 and retrieved 11 studies that met our inclusion criteria, of which nine studies were conducted in North America and the remaining two studies were in Brazil and Uganda respectively.

Food insecurity and low CD4 count among HIV-infected people: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Food insecurity is defined as a limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways, or limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods. While effective antiretroviral treatment can significantly increase CD4 counts in the majority of patients, there are certain populations who remain at relatively low CD4 count levels. Factors possibly associated with poor CD4 recovery have been extensively studied, but the association between food insecurity and low CD4 count is inconsistent in the literature.